Population Genetics: Population Study
The study of genes in the population is called population genetics. The change in genotype frequency is the basis of evolution. Population genetic studies the distribution and behavior of genes and with how gene and genotype frequencies are maintained or changed. Thus population genetics incorporates the study of factors concerned in human evolution.
Population studies have been extended to a detailed analysis of dermal ridge patterns on the palms, finger, thumbs, soles of the feet and the toes. These are known to be inherited in polygenic manner and presents variation in their dermal ridge pattern in number of chromosomal abnormalities.
Gene frequencies in population
The basis of population genetics is the Hardy Weinberg Principle. In 1908,
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Non Random Mating –it can be Positive or Negative assortative mating.
2. Consanguinity – the frequencies of mating affected homozygotes is more.
3. Mutation – HWE assumes that there is no mutation. Some mutations occur at all loci but their effects are nullified due to fitness aspects of individuals. If the mutation rate is disproportionately high at a particular locus it results in steady increase in the mutant alleles.
4. Genetic Drift – it is the fluctuation of gene frequencies in small populations due to new settlements formed by members of older group.
Dermatoglyphics (dept book)
Dermatoglyphics is the study of patterns of the ridged skin of the palms, fingers, soles and toes. Dermal ridge pattern form an important part of genetic.
1. Characteristic combination of pattern types is found in different chromosomal disorders.
2. Dermatoglyphic traits are genetically determined.
3. They provide useful means of measuring resemblance between twins in determination of twin zygosity.
1.1.5. Dermatoglyphics –
Dermatoglyphics, an Anatomical
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The word Dermatoglyphics comes from two Greek words derma-skin and glyphe -carve, and refers to the friction ridge formation, which appear on the palms of the hand and soles of the feet. The Scientific study was termed Dermatoglyphics by Dr. Harold Cummins, the Father of American Finger print analysis. (Ref - Finger print # history of finger printing for identification)
Dermatoglyphics and Genetic Disorders
Unusual Dermatoglyphic patterns often relate to genetic disorders (Shiono H1986, “Dermatoglyphics in Medicine”. AM J Forensic Med Pathol 7(2): 120-6.doi: 10.1097/00000433 – 198607020-00008, Katznelon M, Goldman B, 1982, “Fetal Dermatoglyphics”, Clin Genet 21(4):237-42 doi: 10.1111/j. 1399-0004.1982.tb00757). Study on fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities showed that the Dermatoglyphic patterns were delayed by more than two weeks. (Suzumorik 1980, “Dermatoglyphic analysis of fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities”, American journal of human genetics 32 (6): 859-68).
Genetics of dermal
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