Public Health Vs Community Health

The Health Field Model The Health Field Model (HFM) is the conceptual framework that is used by different health care organizations or in individual research projects to evaluate the prevalence, awareness and management of diseases in the community (Pittman, 2010). The HFM, a determinant health model is developed by Bob Evans and Greg Stoddart in 1990. The HFM provides a broad spectrum for understanding health, and the factors that interfere with, and influence the health of individuals in the community. There are features to put into consideration for, in determining the factors that affect many diseases; hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease, or influence of health on a community (Kindig & McGinnis, 2007).

These factors are known as the Social Determinants of health. “The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, including the health system” (WHO). Dalgren & Whitehead (1991) image of the social determinants of health aims to show the relationship between the person, their environment and their health. The modifiable factors, people’s age, gender and race lie in the centre surrounded by non modifiable factors like profession, housing, education and public policy. There is a direct relationship between people’s environment and their health, e.g. people who live in damp housing have a higher incidence of respiratory health problems (Farell et al.

According to CDC -The social determinants of health are the environment, conditions and system in which people are born, live and work. These environments are formed by a different forces that have a direct influence on the status of health such as economics, politics, and social policies. ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Many different factors have direct impact on state of health of individual, such as: diet, sex, age, smoking and alcohol use, income , environment where person live, insurance coverage and access to healthcare services ( quality ) and education level, social support, community safety. All these factors significantly contribute to well

Those who work in the health care field can create and promote a plan for decreasing disparities in health care. Interventions can also be held based upon one 's race, social status, age, or any of the other factor contributing to health disparities. Providing health care equally to all people will also assist in ending disparities. If everyone is given equal opportunities and treatment, then everyone will be at a fair advantage for good health despite their race, geographic location, age, or socioeconomic structure. References Causes of Health Disparities.

The purpose was to explore whether the nexus of race, poverty, and racial composition of a neighborhood are directly related to the disparity of diabetes. The research design used to collect the data was a cross-sectional survey sought to represent those aged 12 to 19 and over 60 years old. A cross-sectional design is an observational study of two groups in the same point of time. The surveys also contained a stratified sampling design that was obtained in two phases. The first phase was an interview that took place in the participants home, and data relating to their health status, health history, and risk factors were included.

Introduction Disparities in health are an inequality that occurs in the provision of healthcare and its accessibility across different dimensions including location, gender, ethnicity, age, disability status, citizenship status and socioeconomic group (Ubri & Artiga, 2016; Wallerstein & Durran, 2006). According to the health Resources and Service Administration of United States, health disparities are defined by population specific differences in the presence of disease, health outcomes and the accessibility to healthcare. Urbi and Artiga (2016) indicates that disparities in healthcare provision not only bring impacts to the group facing disparities, but also limit overall improvements in quality of care and population health as well as resulting

Surveillance systems include routine reporting, sentinel surveillance surveillance that considered community-based reporting. Data from ongoing surveillance should be linked with official or responsibility of health facility assessments, population surveys, and outbreak investigations to provide information for building planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up for determine the health events. Evaluation of surveillance systems should assess the extent to which data are used for policy-making and improvement, and the simplicity, accuracy, completeness, timeliness and cost of the data. The surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases to monitor progress towards disease control targets and monitor health status. The establishment of goals to reduce measles cases by 90%, eliminate neonatal tetanus, hepatitis B, diphtheria,TB, and eradicate poliomyelitis has put increased emphasis on the need for effective disease surveillance.

Kaiser Family Foundation (2012), health and health care despairs refer to differences in the health and health care between population groups. The health disparity generally refers to a higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortality experienced by one population group relative to another. A health care disparity typically refers to the differences between groups in health coverage, access to care, and quality of care. While disparities are commonly viewed through the lens of race and ethnicity, they occur across many dimensions, including socioeconomic status, age, location, gender, disability status, and sexual orientation (HKFF,

As a future clinician, I am dedicated to making an impact by providing primary care services to those from underserved communities with limited access to health care. Primary care clinicians are the backbone of all patient care. They provide comprehensive health services to patients by educating on prevention, recognizing undiagnosed

The implementation of these actions is recommended at start level as health camps in primary and secondary schools. The distribution of vaccination or health camps can help children fight the diseases and spread awareness about health and wellbeing. The regular visits by doctors are suggested to keep the check of the health status of people. One of the most important activities in today’s age of globalization is to stop the disease coming with the migrants from the other countries.

The lecture, led by Dr. Christian Dimaano, discussed a variety of health disparities and then went into an in depth look at Henrietta Lacks, and the use of her cells in scientific research. He described health disparities as the differences of health problems between races, lifestyles, and mental processes. This was a very interesting topic for me, as a nursing major, I hadn’t really thought about health disparities before, so it was interesting to think about all of the potentially higher health risks that can occur simply because a patients race, or mental state. He also discussed the social determinants of heath and how things like your physical environment, economic stability, social community, and education can all influence your health. Dr. Dimaano also talked about how social determinants of health are health problems that you had no choice in, they are developed by factors such as sex, age, genes, medical care, and individual behaviors such as work and home life.

In a culturally diverse country like the United States, healthcare professionals such as nurses will work with people of different cultural backgrounds who have different view of health and illness. Mcgoldrick, Giordano & Preto (2006) concluded that a sense of well-being in terms of physical and mental health within a societal context is strongly affected by cultural identity. Shared values, behaviors, beliefs and ethno-cultural attitudes of a community influence life experiences and decision we make (Yolanda & Griselda, 2006). With this in mind, it is essential for the nurses recognize the importance patients’ cultural values rooted in their health seeking behaviors. Culture Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines culture as a

Health Care Disparities Health care disparities are unfortunate and being culturally competent is an essential step toward eliminating these inequalities. In this discussion, I will review what disparities are associated with the Appalachian culture and how they affect health status, employment, and education. I will also identify two nursing interventions that could be taken to help decrease the affect that health disparities have on the Appalachians and review what the biggest challenge would be when implementing the interventions. There are about 27 million people that live in the area defined as the Appalachian region, which spans 13 states.

In most cases, health care disparity research involves individual efforts, with minimum supervision and guidelines or regulations except when funded by the state or an organization. Quality health care, on the other hand, is a requirement of the State; hence, in most cases, government agencies and/or commissions, such as Joint Commission Accreditation, Health Care, Certification (JCAHO), supervise and regulate QI through a number of policies. Therefore, health disparities and QI is often highly organized with expected outcomes and means of evaluating the level of intended results achievement. However, in Health disparities research, emphasis on output is minimal compared to

provides a view of a field that embraces the paradigm shift that focuses on the health and health care away from the white majority and towards the diverse experiences of racial and ethnic minorities. Of particular the author talks about the complexities of health disparities from preventing chronic conditions in minority population including both domestic and international perspectives. The author further refers to social policy and the role of race and ethnicity in health research, social factors contributing to mortality, longevity and life expectancy, quantitative and demographic analysis and access and utilization of health services. LaVeist’s intended audience is undergraduate and graduate student but a wider audience exists such as community