Scientific Community Analysis
The scientific community is a network of interacting scientists. This week’s readings give us the impression that we move more to the community perspective of the scientific accumulation and look from try to understand their point of view. Kuhn, 1996 gives special importance to how community behaves and approaches problems, without loosing the individual scientist’s intellectual contributions.
We will try to summarize how philosophers defined scientific community and how it functions. A scientific community functions on a certain scientific fields, and within particular institutions; and undertake interdisciplinary and cross-institutional activities. This community is considered to be generating some general assumptions and rules on which they
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Kuhn defines normal science as "means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice". These achievements must be sufficiently unprecedented to attract an enduring group of adherents away from competing modes of scientific activity and sufficiently open-ended to leave all sorts of problems for the redefined group of practitioners (and their students) to resolve. These achievements can be called paradigms (Kuhn, pages 1-10). Kuhn then discusses how paradigms are created, and how scientific revolutions take place and emphasizes that there is a group of scholarly articles intended for and addressed only to professional colleagues who prove to be the only ones able to read the papers addressed to them(Kuhn, pages 10-23). He underlines that scientific progress begins with the awareness of anomaly. Then he area of the anomaly should be explored. When the paradigm change is complete, the scientist can see the nature in a different way (Kuhn, pages 52-66). Kuhn understands the importance of crisis in scientific research and finds them crucial for improvement …show more content…
If we perceive Kuhn's paradigm to evolve to include many scientists without questioning the main assumptions and methods, then his theory of science differentiates from what Popper said, as Popper emphasizes falsification and criticism of theories at a continuous basis. However, Kuhn also does not avoid this procedure entirely, as he defines the procedure of revolutions, if a paradigm loses its grounds almost entirely, then a rival paradigm takes it over, with a revolution. This step of scientific evolution suggests some similarity to Popper's approach of falsification. Especially both Popper and Kuhn perceived the progress of science as a shift from one, paradigms in Kuhn and falsified conjectures in Popper, to another. Kuhn developed the idea of importance of discontinuities into a model of scientific progress in which periods of “normal science” alternate with periods of “revolutionary science”. Kuhn characterized science as “puzzle-solving activity. If scientists believe that the paradigm should fit the data in question, then confidence in the programme of normal science has been shaken. The type of phenomena described by the data is then regarded as an anomaly. He states that it is the occurrence of anomalies that provides the stimulus for the invention of
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