Sickle-cell anemia is one of the most widespread blood disorders. It is caused by a default in the hemoglobin and is associated with many chronic symptoms.1, 2 Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder, and chances of having it increases if the parents have it. For example, in Middle Eastern countries, sickle cell anemia is common because of consanguinity marriage and large family sizes.3 Moreover, research in sickle cell anemia have developed in various ways. For example, nowadays, there are some treatments for sickle-cell anemia such as hydroxyurea and long-term blood transfusions.2 But to understand a disease, it is important to know the history and background of it. It is also important to know what people used to think about it. Therefore, …show more content…
When one of Chicago College of Dental Surgery students suffered from strange symptoms. His doctor, Dr. Irons, started to study his case; with the help of Dr. Herrick. Later on, Dr. Herrick reported the first case of sickled red blood cells. Afterwards, in 1910-1921, physicians tried to understand what was then called Herrick’s anemia. Dr. Mason changed the name Herrick’s anemia to sickle cell anemia in 1922. By 1923, sickle cell anemia was proven to be a real disease by Drs. Sydenstricker and Huck. It was known as sickle cell anemia until 1926. At that time only sever cases were called sickle cell anemia, and the mild conditions were referred to as “sicklemia”. Since the first recorded case of sickle cell anemia was a black guy, people and physicians started to think that it only affected black people. But research in sickle cell anemia has shown that race does not affect genetic disorders. It was recognized that the reason why most sickle cell anemia patients are black was because of malaria. People with sickle hemoglobin have a resistance to malaria. And as medical studies and research grows, people start to get a better understanding of sickle cell
In 1951 Henrietta went to John Hopkins hospital to help her overcome the cancer with radiation treatments. While she was going in for treatments and checkups her doctor took some tissue from her tumor in her cervix and sent it to lab to be research, none of this she told Henrietta that he was doing. In lab Henrietta’s cell grew in culture and actually stayed alive, unlike any other cells they tried to culture. This cells were called “Immortal” because they grew so fast and to such a huge amount that they could separate them and send them to all different doctors for their own research. They were eventually named HeLa cells, from the first two letters of Henrietta and the first two letter of Lacks (History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places/ Smithsonian).
Table of Contents Title Page Abstract Review of Literature Introduction Henrietta Lacks The Knot Doctor Jones and TeLinde Doctor Grey and Treatment Birth of HeLa Cells Henrietta’s Death A Cure for Polio Other Contributions Immoral Practices
The HeLa cells not only survived, they grew intensely and kept right on growing as much as their given space would allow. It seemed like the cells would never stop growing, thus came the label of the immortal cells (Skloot, 2010). HeLa cells became a very important part of scientific research, and Henrietta’s name became well-known among Gey’s colleagues. On November 2, 1953, the real name behind the HeLa cells was leaked by the press, but they got it wrong, Henrietta Lakes was reported as the source of the cells in the Minneapolis Star. Gey and Dr. TeLinde, the cervical cancer specialist at John Hopkins, decided to allow their story about Henrietta to be told in a more accurate account, but they wanted to withhold her name.
They were trademarked by immense pain and frequent trips to the infamous John Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore. At the time of Henrietta’s death in 1951, cancer research was nascent when
During the twentieth century, the word had known many unprecedented inventions and discoveries that had radically shaped our way of life. The field of discovery that touched human’s life the most, was the medical field. One of the most important achievements in science that opened the doors to many other scientific discoveries was the seccefull culture of the first human cells in laboratory. Those cells were named HeLa. HeLa cells were taken from the cervical of a black woman in Charles Hopkins hospital in Baltimore, where she went to trait cancer.
In the year of 1988, a woman named Rebecca Skloot first learned about a woman known as Henrietta Lacks. Ever since then, Skloot had been deeply fascinated by her. Henrietta is quite fascinating, and did wonders for the world of science. It started in the year of 1951, when Lacks was just 31 years old. She first noticed she was bleeding, when it was not her time of the month.
Researchers believed that the person behind the cell line HeLa, was Helen Lane. After the death of George Gey, it was later discovered that the real name behind the cells was in fact Henrietta Lacks. As the discovery of the name Henrietta Lacks, researchers by the name of Susan Hsu and Victor McKsick began contacting the Lacks family under the misconception of they wanted to test them to be sure they did not have the cancer their mother had. Throughout the further research of Deborah, Henrietta’s daughter, they began requesting more blood for extended research that she was unaware of. They wanted more blood for a researcher in California who requisitioned samples of blood for his research on HeLa.
E. People may not even realize that have sickle cell trait since they exhibit no symptoms F. As a result, it is important that people get tested to see if they carry the trait. G. So who does it affect well many people believe that this disease only affects people of African descent but, that is not true. 1. According to Children national sickle cell also affects people of Middle Eastern, Indian, Mediterranean and, Latin American heritage.
Henrietta’s name was purposefully removed from the context of HeLa cells by Dr. George Gey, the foremost researcher in the discovery of HeLa cells (Stump par
How Racism Affected Medical Treatment Introduction Medical treatment in the 1950s was not the honest and fair practice it is today. The way in which African Americans we treated for their illnesses, if treated at all, the treatments would be extended over an unneeded amount of time or the treatment wouldn’t even be treatment. It would worsen the illness or have no effect. Today the medial field is much more equal and have more rules to prevent discrimination. A main change that has occurred is that now the doctors can not refuse to treat African Americans.
This was something new to them and it hadn’t been seen before. The reason for being a discovery is that before the cells that had been cultured from other cells would only survive for a few days. However, with Henrietta’s cells they were able to isolate one specific cell, multiply it and start the HeLa cell line (Henrietta Lacks Biography (1920–1951)). They named them HeLa after her first two letters of her first name and the first two letters of her last name. These cells were the first human cells grown in a lab, and were used to conduct many experiments.
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome is described by a Dutch physician named Jan Peutz back in 1921. Jan Peutz noted signs in a Dutch family appearing with intestinal polyps and also had noticed mucocutaneous macules. John McHutchinson, a man who reported signs in the year of 1896, had a case involving a pair of twins that was identical with an ending result leaving one twin that died. An American physician, Harold Jeghers, had published a statement with a definite descriptions of this syndrome. Shortly after that statement got published, it then became introduced as Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome by Andre J. Bruwer.
His name was Lazer, as he continues such experiment on other humans something happened, they soon fell ill. This validated Finlay’s mosquito theory. Many may feel as if human experimentation was cure cruelty and not the way of life, however Yellow Fever has killed the rich, the poor, the humble, the stubborn and families. The only way researchers believe to finding the cure or maintain it was to find a group of people who was willingly to put their lives on the line, not only for self-dignity but, the future that is in the hands of their love ones. To ensure these people are well protected, laws
A person does inherit a tendency to develop the disease. It may appear when the body goes through hormonal and physical changes or after dealing with highly stressful situations (MHA,
Transmission occurs in large areas of Africa, central and South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and the South Pacific. The body’s natural defence mechanisms that fight malarial parasites are more common in populations of people, that are continually exposed to the parasite. Also for individuals with inherited conditions such as sickle cell anaemia and Thalassaemia, which are in fact conditions in which cause abnormalities in the red blood cells. It is also found within people that come from regions impacted by malaria.