Nigeria which was once a British colony is blessed with many trade routes associated with waterways and rivers. "Slaves left south-eastern Nigeria in the eighteenth century by three main routes: down the Niger to the Delta states, overland to the eastern Delta states, and down the Cross River to Calabar" (Northrup 1972, p.232). The most important towns associated with the areas mentioned above are the Bonny Kingdom and Calabar towns, both were serious slave markets for centuries (Northrup 1972).
Northrup (1972) and Ume (1980) stated that the Lander brothers from Britain visited markets in Bonny and Old Calabar Rivers; where they acknowledged as 'principal slave mart'. According to Ume (1980) in 1830 Richard and John Lander reported of the
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It has been argued that "the British abolition movement, which was legalized by the British Parliament, was not entirely humanely motivated as it is often put. It was for the British economic interest to shift from slave to legitimate trade" (Ume 1980, p.216). On the other hand, Batten (1954) listed among other things the abolishment of slave trade as the reason for the establishment of colonialism. "On the other hand, the insinuation that European colonialism accomplished its alleged humanitarian mission in Africa by decisively tackling slavery is too unfounded to warrant any attention here" (Nwokeji, G.U., 1998, 320). "They argue that the British governor, Frederick Lugard, favoured the reform of slavery over abolishing it". (Nwokeji 1998, p.321). According to Nwokeji (1998) the British colonial governor in Nigeria was Lord Frederick Lugard till 1919. "The so-called colonial development of Africa ‘for trade and civilization’ involved not only military aggression but also a considerable amount of coercive African labor" (Ekechi 1983, p.28). Some may argue that though slavery was abolished, nonetheless forced labour became a colonial policy in Nigeria, and maybe that was the sort of reformation of slavery that Lugard
The transatlantic slave trade began in the 15th century, after the Portuguese started exploring the coast of West Africa. This had a long term effect on Africa because even though it started out benefiting the upper class in Africa, the long term effect was devastating. While the Europeans started to enter Africa, they enjoyed “the triple advantage of guns and other technology, widespread literacy, and the political organization necessary to sustain expensive programs of exploration and conquest”(Doc 4). Africa’s relations with Europe depended on common interests, which they did not have. Europe’s contact in Africa, involving economic exchanges and political relationships, was not mutually beneficial.
Then, shortly after in 1808 the United States follows with abolishing slave trade. But, the United States does not abolish slavery just yet just the transatlantic slave trade. This is still a rising issue in Africa, until today it still
I. Document B. Document B contains quotes from Freidrich Fabri’s “Does Germany Need Colonies?” and John Ruskin’s talk at Oxford University both propose that national competition provides partial fuel into African imperialism. A. In John Ruskin’s talk, he states, “This is what England must either do or perish: she must found colonies as fast and as far as possible.”
The Trans-Saharan trade network was a vital factor in the affluence of Western African civilizations. In Document A, is a map of Ibn Battuta’s journey through various trade routes spreading through multiple continents during the fourteenth century. Small pictographs are drawn on the map to display the aspects of each culture that Ibn Battuta visited (Doc A). The map illustrates the extent of the Trans-Saharan Trade Network and how it connected West Africa with other regions across the globe.
Places such as Liverpool and Bristol were very dangerous areas to be openly asking for support in the abolition campaign. Britain, at the time, was in a few wars which made their national debt skyrocket. One of many ways that they distinguished their debt was by slave trade. If the African Slave Trade ended, Britain would have to increase already high taxes in order to pay off their war debts. For this reason, many people wanted the African Slave Trade as it kept their taxes low.
According to A Denunciation of European Imperialism, spoken by Nnamdi Azikiwe in 1949, he sees the idea of imperialism as a crime against humanity, because it enables any part of the human race which is armed with modern scientific knowledge to rule less fortunate sections of mankind, because the weaker force is unable to resist rule( Document 8). As Azikiwe explains, Imperialism is a crime against humanity that enables the less fortunate people to be ruled without their consent by the people with more power. This demonstrates that imperialism was harmful because it states how imperialism was such a demanding force and how it left many Africans with no power over their countries and themselves. In the Golden Coast Leader, The Editorial Notes state, Indirect rule is a system by which an alien government is enabled to place a Native state in the hollow of its hands and in such a way that it has only to pull wires to start a chief and his people dancing to its piping( Document 10). The Editorial Notes point out that many of the African leaders and Chiefs were being controlled by European political officers.
Every year, Americans across the country gather to celebrate their independence and freedom from the British government. On July 4th, 1776, America officially declared their independance from England, and the American people would be free from British tyranny. In the beginning, the Colonists did not want to be independant from the British Government, and were happily living in America and making money and embracing their freedoms(Notes Cite). However, the British government began to take away their freedoms and their rights by using taxes and implementing acts that upset the Colonists(Notes Cites).The colonists came to America to free themselves from persecution in Britain, and to start over and create a better life for themselves. In the
David Childress Period 4 11/11/15 Nash Reading Review Nash’s essay examines the development of commercial slavery in the 15th century starting in Africa up until the 19th century in America. He discusses the real way that slave trade happened that is contrary to popular belief. He also analyzes the causes and effects that led to slavery’s commercialization and development.
This session took place during the Gold Coast under British rule who abolished the slave trade in 1807 and then slavery in 1833, however slavery continued to exist amongst African plantation owners in the Cold Coast Colony and Protectorate and unfortunately Abina was victim to slavery regardless of being free in her
From mid-15th century to the end of the 19th century, in order to provide labor, the western colonial countries took a large number of black people from Africa to American colonial plantations and mines. Since the slave trade was mainly carried out on both sides of the Atlantic, the western countries generally call it “the Atlantic slave trade”. Although it brought huge profits to the capitalists of Western Europe, it is the darkest period in African history. We can say that the slavery in the New World was absolutely dehumanizing, and it’s extremely cruel. It has caused billions of Africans lose their lives and has had a very serious impact on the development of Africa.
British and French European countries were considered the biggest winners in the “race” to size African colonies in 1914. By 1885 the only two African countries to remain independent was Ethiopia and Liberia.(Doc A) John Ruskin announced in his lecture at Oxford University February 8, 1870 that the colonist “first aim” should be “to advance the power of England by land and by sea” This influence that John had for the European countries was a great impact for imperialism in Africa . Great Britain made about 3 million dollars from exports to South Saharan Africa in 1854 and this number increased to 20 million in 1900. This change in rate of growth for exports in Great Britain was a cause for competition in Africa among the European countries with the resources Africa was providing such as copper, zinc, lead, and coal.
The authors choice to control some of Africas colonies clearly shows a commitment to form a better Germany based on the intention of trying to eliminate Germany's financial crisis. Someone also hopeful of Africa bringing better advancements for their country was Joseph Chamberlain, a British industrialist. (doc 3) Chamberlain spoke of the situation as a hope for a better tomorrow. The British population would rise and rise again until as a nation they would begin to starve.
a. Benin and a few other societies opted out. 2. Western Africa closest area to Europe, most of the trade a. Europeans didn’t go past the coast, dealers had monopoly. C. The Middle Passage 1. Middle Passage- slave voyage across Atlantic
Nigerian Genocide In 1967 a civil war started in Nigeria, this was also known as the Nigerian genocide. In 1960 Nigeria gained its independence from from Britain. Six years later the Muslim Hausas in Northern Nigeria started to kill Christian Igbos that were in the region. This caused tens of thousands to flee to the east were the Igbos were the dominant ethnic people.
"The slave trade actually prevented the coming into being of an agrarian revolution in Ghana, and likewise an industrial revolution. Because before you can industrialize you need to have stable agricultural production.” (“Slavery 's long effects on Africa”, para 6) Since during that time they got attacked to kidnap people and burn places they had nothing to start living. “The period between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries was a time of economic stagnation for Africa, which fell further and further behind the economic progress of Europe as the years passed by.” (“Riches & Misery: The Consequences of the Atlantic Slave Trade”, para 5)