CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Nowadays, increasingly female students in also involve in cigarette smoking. Basically, a great amount of money are being wasted in smoking, clearly that cigarette smoking habit is will be come negative impact but why still getting involved in smoking habit day by day. So, the aim of this research was to study that effect smoking habit among female students in KPTM,KL. This research was conducted to determine the prevalence of smoking, knowledge about the ill effects of smoking on health, and influence of family’s members smoking habits among female students. According, the most three causes of smoking among students were entertainments followed by stress and also pressure release then anxiety and emotianal causes.
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Whereas for negatively associated with involvement in positive or prosocial behaviours, including with achieverment according to Schorling et all, (1994) and health enhancing behaviours likes through exercise, safety practise and through healthy diet. In fact, greater involving in cigarette smoking has been shown to be related in term of social and individual level variables towards behaviour which influence from parental and peer models of smoking. So, this is illustrated that college smoking has been shown to be negatively associated with spirituality whereas for positively from associated with stress and depression.
The between best way best way reducing the risk cancer for smokers is ti give up smoking completely. The best way, the more cigarette smoke a day the higher risk of cancer, if someone difficult able to quit completely, cutting down the number of cigarette smoke a day can be good improvement to quit smoke through first step. According to Cancer Research UK scientists found that the number of year spend smoking affect a day such as when smoking one pack a day for 40 years is more dangerous when than smoking two pack everyday for
Even the strongest estimate of the role of genetics in the formation of our personalities leaves a major role to be played by our child rearing, the stresses and strains of our lives, our social relationships, and other psychological factors (Lahey, 2012). Our social environments affect us throughout our lives. In a review of the literature, the most consistent factors associated with an increased risk for smoking during adolescence was peer and family influences, psychosocial stressors, depression, and externalizing behavior (Seglem, Waaktaar, & Torgersen,
Due to the recent statistics, lung cancer has been known to be increasing twice as much in women than in men. Staying away from tobacco is the most important thing any of us can do to avoid getting lung cancer. There have been many cases of lung cancer as thousands of people are dying annually. Lung cancer would rank among the top 10 fatal cancers in Canada, since many people fail to realize the importance of maintaining a healthy body, most specifically lungs. Lungs are one of the key organs in our body.
It shows that e-cigarettes have become more popular to the students than the traditional cigarette. It surprisingly increases the percentage of the use of e-cigarettes and some health experts said, on the given survey result, it could lead to abusive use of e-cigarettes. Well, because of this survey, I can conclude that it will not be a surprise for the health experts that nicotine addiction will still continue increasing in the coming
Smoking affects so many people in our society. “Smoking has such a devastating effect on the body because cigarette smoke is, in a word, toxic. There are more than four thousand chemicals in the average puff of cigarette smoke” (“Smoking Is”). Smoking causes
There are many strategies to stop smoking. First of all the smoker could make a list of all the reasons why they want to quit smoking or they could distract themselves when they feel cravings to smoke again.(21) But if independent strategies do not work, then the smoker could talk to the doctor about safe medications to take that are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. For example they could use nicotine replacement therapy which is taking other nicotine products with smaller doses of nicotine to help get off of smoking rather than quitting completely all at once.
Introduction Attention Getter: When inhaling Nicotine, it can reach the brain within 10 seconds after the smoke is inhaled. It has been found in every part of the body, even in breast milk. PSYCHOLOGICAL ORIENTATION:
Perhaps, you were influenced by your family, friends, or colleagues who smoke, and later on became a way for you to relate with them. How to quit smoking? In order for you to effectively quit smoking, you have to do something about your cravings and habits. Take time to think of what kind of smoker you are, and when are the times that you usually need to smoke and why.
Smoking can not only be extremely addictive, but can cause numerous health complications in adults such as cancer, cardiovascular problems,
As shown in the family table, not all of my aunts and uncles are accounted for. A huge part of my family is in Vietnam and I have yet to keep in contact with them since the age of 10. By looking at the health history of my relatives, I could see that many of these health issues could be preventable. The unhealthy habits that could be presented in their early life is something that could have a huge contribution to why they developed these health complications. Some of the personal risk that could affect me in the future is being inactive, eating unhealthy, being associated with alcohol or recreational drugs, or being in a stressful situation.
Why people should stop smoking In many ways, people relieve stress by smoking each day. Most people do not know or do not seem to care about how much damage it does to their body and environment. Despite these definite facts that accompany smoking, cigarettes and cigars have practically a staple in most people 's living conditions and lifestyle. Whether people are planning on smoking, or already longtime smokers, you should definitely not smoke, as it does a lot more damage in return than fix your mental problems.
Smoking has been a long time habit round the world. However, in the past, smoking cigarette was very popular and known to be a cool recreational drug, and was widely accepted by the community across the world. Today smoking has been less widely accepted and more restricted because of the many health risks that are linked to smoking cigarette. These days, people are well educated and more knowledgeable about the health risks of smoking.
this research provides substantial evidence that smoking among friends predicts adolescent future smoking, but modest evidence that general prevalence, for example, within a particular grade or school, predicts future smoking, with the exception though, of cases where a higher general prevalence of smoking among senior students is related to an increase in smoking among lower-grade students (leatherdale, cameron, brown, jolin kroeker, 2006). however, while this literature bettered our understanding of peer influence on adolescent smoking, it does not address how peer group influences actually work. friends appear to provide the greatest peer influence on adolescent smoking; peer groups (close friends) provide independent influence, but their influence may also interact with that of the best friend. peer and parental influences on longitudinal trajectories of smoking among african americans and puerto ricans..,
You may begin with gradually decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked per day, but that’s ok! It demands a lot of determination and positive attitude over a long span of time to be able to become smoke free. After all, it is needless to expect, that this addiction will just magically disappear overnight, although the end result is no less than a magic. • Seek help: Undoubtedly your will power is the most important aspect of your ‘quit-smoking’ pact. However, it is not wise to solely rely on it.
Many reports have been issued based on the evidence regarding the devastating health affecs of smoking and the expose of second hand smoke. Unfortunatly, cigarette smoking has reportedly caused about 480,000 deaths anually in the United States with an account of 41,000 deaths due to second hand smoking. It is indicated that America has the greatest heath issues from smoking. Neverless, it has been declining due to the rise on taxes and the promotions to cut down tabacco use advetisement. Smoking can be very addictive but there are many ways to help stop that I’ll get to soon.
Smoking has become a social habit nowadays. When people around are smoking, the person practically feel like he/she should be doing the same. And this is increasing day by day in our country. Smoking tribulates almost every organ of the body. It is the leading cause of more than 443,00 deaths each year.