Snowmelt Water Simulation
It is known that the outcome of global climate change on hydrologic systems, especially snow and glacier melt, can modify the timing and amount of runoff in mountainous watersheds. Therefore, accurate stream flow simulation and forecast is of great importance to water resources management and planning (Abudu et al. 2010) and can provide a firm basis for forecasts of water resources availability while minimizing the risk and loss from floods caused by rapid snow and glacier melt and also support to feasibility study of hydropower potential.
The physics of melting of snow and transformation of melt water into runoff are very important aspect of snow hydrology. The sun is the ultimate source of energy responsible for the melting of the snow
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The model was mainly designed for the mountainous basins where it was considered that the study area has been divided into different elevation zones depending upon the topographic relief. The input given to the model are temperature, precipitation and snow cover area. Snow melt was estimated using the degree day approach and rain induced melting was also considered. The model performed well for both the calibration and simulation …show more content…
Snow and glacier melt contributes substantially to the annual flows of the rivers. So the proper estimation of snow melt is needed for the planning, management and development of the water resources. Keeping this in mind, Singh and Jain (2002) used a water balance approach to compute the water budget components for 10 years (October 1986-September 1996).The rainfall data as the input to the study basin was calculated from the isohyets using rainfall data from different 10 gauge stations at different locations. Total volume of flow was also computed using the flow data of the Satluj River at Bhakra dam. Evapotranspiration losses were also estimated by developing a relation between temperature and evaporation. Snow covered area was determined with the aid of satellite data .It was found that about 59% was contributed by the snow and glacier melt in the annual flow of the satluj river at Bhakra dam whereas the remaining 41% being contributed by the
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