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Essay On Speciation

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Introduction
Speciation is the evolutionary process which occurs when a lineage split occurs in a species resulting in a new biological species. There are many ways by which speciation occurs 1) Allopatric specification; there are two types included in this type. Dicopatric speciation occurs when a species is isolated from each-other by geographical means and form subpopulations, if they remain separated for a long enough period of time they become genetically different that inter-breeding between them won’t occur. This type of speciation is slow to occur because it often involves genetically stable individuals. An animal example of this is the mammals of South America i.e, capybaras, possums and marmosets. Speciation by founder effect is also part of allopatric …show more content…

Phylogenetic analysis suggests that fig pollination has only evolved once. This is probably due to relationship being highly specific with the pollinators being highly host specific with morphological adaptions and life cycles which depend completely on their host and with pollination of the fig dependent on its pollinators. Along with these pollinator exists non-pollinating wasps (e.g, Apocryptophagus) which compete with pollinating wasps for fig hosts, this competition weakens the mutualistic relationship. The diversification of figs and its pollinators is taught to have been caused by co-speciation along with parallel radiation, but due to the tight relationship between pollinators and its host fig it is taught that this hinders speciation separately from each other suggesting co-speciation as a means of evolution. In contrast non-pollinating wasps and parasites are not constrained to such tightly matched speciation of their host

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