Sustainable Construction
Sustainable construction aims to reduce the environmental impact of a building over its entire lifetime by applying the principles of sustainable development to the comprehensive construction cycle. It is a holistic approach process from the adoption of building designs, construction methods, utilizing materials that are environmentally friendly until the management of the resultant waste. It aims to optimize the use of natural resources reducing our dependence on raw building materials to restore and maintain harmony between the natural and built environments while encouraging economic equity as buildings and construction works contributes to the largest single share of global resource use and pollution emission. Some examples of sustainable materials and products are steel, glass, as well as recyclable substitutes for concrete.
Steel
Steel has been known to be a highly reusable material where all products are 100% recyclable; it is able to be recycled repeatedly without any degradation be it in terms of properties or quality performance. It is one of the world’s most recycled product retaining an extremely overall recycling rate in 2012 – 88 percent and today around 40% of steel is produced from recycled materials.
Benefits
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There is practically no waste produced from steel products as any waste generated will then be recycled. In addition, steel construction has minimal disruption on the environment it is a clean and efficient method where noise and dust are minimised. It also bring about 40% savings in construction period as compared to concrete buildings. Steel has one of the highest strength to weight ratio of any construction materials; steel framing only weigh one-third as much as traditional construction materials. Steel, when properly protected neither rot, decay nor suffer from creep or
As cities grew, the demand for steel and iron increased. Carnegie used steel to improve the life expectancy of bridges and railroads because of Carnegie thousands of pounds of
Therefore Carnegie created steel with Bessemer’s process to help build the bridge. After the bridge was completed and people saw that it was durable. Everyone wanted to buy his steel. Soon after the acknowledgement of steel, buildings everywhere began to appear with Carnegie’s steel. With all the money Carnegie made he then sold his business, so that he could help other people in need.
One of the reason for the growth of steel industries, is for the growth of steel railroads. People began to realize that steel was stronger than iron. Steel was durable and longer lasting. Iron would rust, and wear down and trains had the chance of going off track and crashing. Soon steel was popping up everywhere, everyone started to use steel for building house.
While glass is fully recyclable, plastic is not something we endlessly reuse. The triangle arrow that is on our plastic bottles is actually telling us the type of plastic it is made out of. There are a total of seven different plastics and only two of them, PET and HDPE, are recyclable. The author states, “only 3 to 5 percent of plastics are recycled in any way.” Products from jackets to carpeting is what more than half of our recycled plastic is used for.
The Gilded Age was the time period during 1865-1900. During the Gilded Age several changes took place, such as; Industralization, Urbanization, and Westward movement. Industralization was a major part of the Gilded Age. Industralization was the shift from agricultural jobs to more factory related jobs.
In document three, steel production increased tremendously. In 1740, there were 17,350 tons of steel. Then 160 years later, there was about 9,000,000 tons of steel. This process is also known as the Bessemer Process. The Bessemer Process allowed the process of steel to be easier and cheaper to make.
Since it’s difficult to produce they only use it for the things that are small like spoons, forks, and jewelry. Carnegie wanted to create a bridge made out of steel. He would travel a lot to find the necessities to make a lot of steel. The railroads were going to replace the bridges and the rails would be made with steel. Carnegie wasn’t able to produce so much steel so he needed to evaluate extra funds.
Properly built and maintained, mill construction can be a structure that fires can be brought under control before the building is involved in the fire (Brannigan & Corbett, 2015). Unlike mill construction, buildings of ordinary construction are plagued with void spaces that are inherent parts of the construction. Like buildings of ordinary construction, heavy timber buildings may suffer the same disadvantages of having unprotected void spaces. This is due to there design as well as old mill buildings being converted to buildings that were not a part of the original design of the structure. These conversions of the new heavy timber building leaves the buildings at a greater risk of fire spread than that of the mill construction buildings of the past.
Tetra Pak china achieve a huge success after 10 years--- approximately 167,300 tonners of UBCs were recycled in China. The first recycling above is the original recycling chain in China, which is very basic and not very efficiency due to the daily used beverage cartons keep increase, on the other hand, the current recycling chain is more efficiency. Tetra Pak working with many partners to improve the recycling, moreover, Tetra Pak support their partner to increase the recycling capacity and educate the collectors and consumers.
The metal container industry that represented 61% of all packaged products in US in 1989, consisted of metal cans, crowns and closures to hold or seal a vast variety of consumer and industrial goods. Metal cans were used in food, beverage and packaging industries. These cans were made of aluminum, steel or combination of both. Mainly three-pieced and two-pieced cans were produced in 1989, with 80% of $120 billion cans produced being two-pieced.
One of the most common drawbacks of the energy efficient construction is the high cost of enforcing. Although the additional costs are required to build and plan such buildings, they are balanced out by saving on energy expenditure; while, it is still extra money provided to build; thus, additional cost is valid criticism. In addition to this, building materials are not always available. The most noticeable negative feature of energy efficient construction is the environmental concern. Although it is environmentally friendly which produces less carbon emissions, it has slight unfavorable effects on the human health.
We must make the most to conserve, recycle and reuse whenever possible because the natural resources on our planet earth are limited. One of the most efficient ways to support recycling is to purchase products made from recycled materials. Maybe by now, you are not aware of how important this act can make a change to the world. However, the effort involves not only recycling existing products, but purchasing products that have already been recycled. Today, you will notice a lot products that are made from recyclable materials thanks to a strong push in green movement recent years.
Sustainability: If you take a look around at what’s really happening in our world, there’s an inescapable pattern of ‘what’s going on is simply unsustainable’ and in other words, it can’t go on for much longer. Sustainability is to “meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. As cities began to grow with the population increase, the need for a sustainable development became more apparent as resources began to diminish in quantity and value. Left to it’s own devices, the Earth is a sustainable system.
Eco friendly building material is those provide the appropriate service and lifetime, with the minimal maintenance, while minimizing the decimation the raw of material, the pollution from, and also energy consumption by production and use, and that have the maximum potential for the reuse. The use of the Eco friendly building materials and products are represents one important strategy in the design of a building. In addition, the Eco friendly building materials have benefits to the building users such as improved health and the productivity, in order to change the spatial configurations of the lower costs associated, reduced maintenance costs over the life of the building and so forth.
An introduction to highway building: Although there are many methods to constructing a road, all are based on the principle that geographical objects are removed and replaced with harder and more wear-resistant materials. The pre-existing rock and earth is removed by digging or explosions. Tunnels, embankments and bridge are then added when necessary. The material that the road is being constructed from is then laid by various pieces of equipment, which will be looked at in greater detail in this assignment. The construction management of roads has become increasingly more difficult as larger structures are constantly being required in increasingly short amounts of time.