CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter will focus on the research design and methodology for the experimental and observational investigation. Data collection methods as well as validity, reliability and ethical considerations are discussed.
3.2 RESEARCH AIMS
The main focus of the study is to assess job satisfaction among educators and how they affect their performance. The
The main problem statement is as below (paragraph 1.2):
Assessing the effectiveness of job satisfaction determinants among educators at New Devton College and their effect on educators’ performance.
The focus of the study is on teacher motivation and the role of the principal in motivating teachers to perform effectively. The area
…show more content…
The primary data will be collected through in-depth interviews (content analysis approach) with Heads of departments and senior educators and the administration of structured questionnaires (closed and open-ended questions) to obtain responses from educators. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies will be adopted to answer the research questions and objectives of the study. The questions will be coded and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies, percentages such as histogram as well as bar chart will be used. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques will be employed in selecting respondents for the study. The secondary sources will be obtained from journals, annual report, internet and company records.
3.5 TRUSTWORTHINESS AND TRANSFERABILITY
3.6 LIMITATIONS
The major limitations of this study were resource constraint including time, finance and access to information. Besides, to obtain information from the respondents was somehow difficult due to the busy nature of their work schedule.
3.7 EHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
For the purpose of this study, emphasis was laid on confidentiality of the data collected during the survey. Anonymity of the respondents was maintained in order to keep research data in confidence.
3.8
…show more content…
# Content validity
According to De Vos et al (1998: 84), content validity is concerned with the representativeness of the instrument. To determine content validity we ask questions as:
49
# Is the instrument really measuring the concept we assume it is?
# Does the instrument provide an adequate sample of items that represent that concept?
Thus the aim with content validity is to judge how well the questionnaire will be able to cover the problem in question.
The questionnaire will be given to experts in the field to check content validity.
# Face validity
De Vos et al (1998: 84) refer to face validity as what the instrument Aappears@ to measure. The instrument should appear to be a relevant measure of the attributes in question.
The questionnaire will be given to experts in the field to check face validity.
# Reliability
Generally speaking, reliability refers to the consistency and accuracy with which a measuring instrument measures something. McMillan and Schumacher (1997:
227) refer to reliability as the consistency of measurement, the extent to which
The target respondents were invited to complete the questionnaire and directed them to a brief explanation of the research. If a respondent volunteered to participate they were able to read the instructions and complete the questionnaire online from any internet-connected device. Contact details of the researcher were also provided in the initial description of the form should the respondent have any enquiry regarding the questionnaire. Data were collected on 23rd December 2015 from 8 a.m. until 8 a.am 24th December 2015. The length of time for data collection was considered ideal as it allowed a sufficient amount of time for interested respondent to participate in the study.
In order to develop a standardized test that is valid and reliable, the
1. How are reliability and validity related to each other? Why is each important? (60-80 words) Reliability and validity are concepts that go hand in hand. These concepts are related to each other and they are needed to keep the quality of assessments.
Credibility also refers to how believable the research findings are or the true value of the study. The additional interviews following the examination of data analysis will broaden the study’s credibility. Auditability is the participant showing accountability of the information provided and the transfer of raw data into research findings (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014, p. 126). During this study, a detailed description of the participants’ personal experience, environment, and circumstances will be given in a way that others can
Research Design 3.2. Participants 3.3. Instruments 3.4. Procedure 4. Limitations 5.
Introduction. The population within the neighborhood of Greenfield rd. and Fenkell ave. of Detroit, Michigan, also known as 48227 has increased drastically over the years.
According to the textbook face validity is, “the extent to which an instrument appears to measure what it says it measures”. After reviewing the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the NAMCS Electronic Medical Record Supplement Survey, the surveys both meet the definition of face validity. Content validity, according to textbook is, “the rigorous determination that the instrument represents all relevant aspects of a topic”. The NAMCS, for the most part, meets the definition of content validity. On page 3, question number 9a and 9b needs to be re-sequenced.
Addictive Behaviors This study, “Heavy Episodic Drinking and its Consequences: The Protective Effects of Same-Sex, Residential Living-Learning Communities for Undergraduate Women” aims to find the impact the environment has on drinking and alcohol abuse. The areas of comparison are single-sex resident living communities, mixed sex residential learning communities, single sex non residential learning communities, and mixed non residential learning communities. This study can possible lead to a solution to underage drinking in colleges, if it is valid and significant. If it does not lead to a solution, it can still provide insight as to the overwhelming number of underage college students who drink.
Cut-off date 27 February. Part1: Essay. ‘Evaluate the contribution of a qualitative approach to research on friendship’. Part2: DE100 project report – Method.
What is Reliability and Validity? Reliability is the degree to which an assessment consistently measures whatever it measures (John, 2015). The students can be tested through whatever that they are measure with, as long as everyone have at least the same score no matter when or where they take the test.
3. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH THEORY 3.1 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Qualitative research is a form of research in which the researcher collects and interprets data, meaning the researcher is as important in the research process as the participants and the data they provide. Reason and Rowan (2004) have argued that the core element of a qualitative research approach is to connect meanings to the experiences of respondents and their lives. According to Clissett (2008) qualitative research involves a variety of research methods that can be used to explore human experience, perceptions, motivations and behaviours. Qualitative research is characterised by collection and analysis of words in the form of speech or writing.
The criteria is a standard by which the relevance of research studies are decided or judged. There are many evaluation criteria but some of them that are going to be discussed in this paper are authority, accuracy, relevance, objectivity, currency, and audience. Accuracy helps to determine how the source which is found on a website is reliable and error free. One has to remember to look at who hosts the site. It can be hosted a University, by professional association, a government, a publisher, a commercial host, and an advocacy group.
4.4.2 Acceptability of the Instrument Acceptability or ease of use is determined by the number of participants who completed the questionnaire scale without omitting any items in addition to the required time to complete it (Kalisch et.al, 2010). 90.96% of the participants (N= 181) completed the instrument without omitting any items. Another 7.54% omitted only one item and only 3 participants (1.51%) omitted 2 items. Most participants were able to complete the questionnaire within 15 minutes. Accordingly, the low portion of missing data indicates that the instrument was well accepted by the participants.
The students selected came from three sections to avoid prejudice of their perceptions. In order to assure manageability of the collected data, the questionnaire only included multiple choice, checklist, Likert scale, ranking/rating questions and did not include open-ended response
Secondly, a methodology that describes the collection of data included together with highlights of limitations and thirdly key findings analysed and interpreted followed by some useful recommendations. Finally some future directions for research have been