Despite the seemingly blatant root of addiction, that the affliction is the fault of drugs on the biochemical level, a more obscure, more habitual factor is at fault; the environment. As much as it may seem that we can place the blame upon the shoulders of those who are willfully partaking in such damaging habits, in reality it is more the fault of the environment the abuser finds themselves thrust in. As one is raised in a tumultuous environment, in which they know not what is happening nor why it is happening, drugs can seem to be a welcome escape. Be it anywhere from rats in an electrified cage overdosing on morphine, to prisoners confined to solitary confinement, drugs are sought after to alleviate the horrid circumstances. A Psychologist by …show more content…
The rats were living in a constant state of anxiety and fear (Addiction: The View from Rat Park." The Globalization of Addiction).
Dr. Bruce Alexander concluded that the same thing happened with humans in prison, when people were forced into solitary confinement, they would accept any form of escape they could get their hands on. (Addiction: The View from Rat Park." The Globalization of Addiction)
Dr Bruce Alexander conducted an experiment with several colleagues at Simon Fraser University they constructed a rat housing complex and dubbed it “Rat Park”; it was essentially everything a rat could want: plenty of toys, copious amounts of food, and many mates and playmates (Addiction: The View from Rat Park." The Globalization of Addiction).
The rats not only enjoyed the park but almost entirely ignored the drugs (Addiction: The View from Rat Park." The Globalization of Addiction).
Many believed that rats and humans are too different for there to be any real correlation and that without any human tests the old skinner box method still holds
This is a summary taken from “Saying Yes” by Jacob Sullum; Chapter 8; “Body and Soul”. An ever-present theme in Sullum’s book is what he calls “voodoo pharmacology”—the idea, promoted in large part by the government, that certain drugs have the power to hijack people and enslave them in an inescapable prison of craving and compulsion. Sullum seeks to show that this idea is a myth, that only a tiny percentage of illegal-drug users become addicts, whereas the vast majority of people who use illegal drugs live normal, productive, loving lives. The book is filled with valuable insights derived from deconstructing government statistics about drugs and drug use. Sullum shows how even the most vilified drugs, such as heroin and crack cocaine, are
The author of the article continued to explain the r “As a society, and as clinicians, we have to go far beyond simply viewing the drugs as the problem. In order to give everyone suffering from addiction the best chance possible to enter and stay in recovery, we urgently need to start paying attention to the broader issues that allow addiction to fester, such as housing, employment, poverty, systemic racism, and the effects of incarceration,” (Grinspoon). The author of the article, believes that the problem of addiction in low income neighborhoods is a direct effect of the lower quality systems that are set up for the people living in those neighborhoods. After Sonny’s addiction was caused by the lack of resources in his lower income community, he was unable to get the adequate resources to overcome his cycle of
Slater’s experiment conclusion stated that there’s different types of addiction and its connections are valid. One connection is that the experiment came up with was the concept of “cage vs. colony”. In Slaters experiment, one rat was put in a cage with two waters one of regular tap water and the other of water with morphine. As a result of being caged, the rat chose to drink the water with morphine. Caged rats and people decide that it is best to take drugs when isolated due to
People use these addictions to escape the world they live in, similarly to the way Case has a dependency on drugs. This type of dependency is usually started because people have the feeling of emptiness and are struggling with this feeling, looking for an easy way to feel better. Case was given the opportunity to escape his addiction, but instead Case states, “Thanks, but I was enjoying that dependency” (45). He enjoyed his dependency on drugs and alcohol because it was a form of an escape from his body, a chance to forget about his body slowly deteriorating. As Case gradually weakens he continues to abuse stimulants to help with the loss of energy.
There is a multitude of reasons as to why people use drugs. Current theories on drug use include using drugs to rebel against authority, as a means to escape personal issues or in response to conflict occurring in the world around them. There isn’t a sole valid explanation for drug use, but all these reasons have overlapping themes: context and environment, which relates back to a new theory that aims to change the ways in which we analyze drug use. Drug, set and setting is a theory coined by Norman Zinberg which is necessary to validate drug use in all its variations because it considers a multitude of factors, including context and environment when attempting to understand drug use in society. Before we can apply Zinberg’s theory to different
There are many instances, even today, where people are put in a controlled environment, and when they are released they are unaware of how to function normally in society. For example, many prisoners who are released after an extended period of time will commit the same crimes again to be sentenced again, because they know and understand the prison environment now more than they do societies. One Flew Over the Cuckoo 's Nest shows just how difficult being thrown into a new environment can be not only on a person 's mental health, but also physical
The legalization of drugs has been at the center of interminable debate. Drugs have widely been perceived as a dominant threat to the moral fabric of society. Drug use has been attributed as the source responsible for a myriad of key issues. For instance, it is believed that drugs have exacerbated the already weak status of mental health in the United States in which some individuals suffering from mental illness administer illicit substances such as heroin or cocaine in an attempt to self-medicate. Moreover, drugs are blamed for turning auspicious members of the community into worthless degenerates.
Rhetorical Analysis In the article “Sports: The All-American Addiction”, written by John R. Gerdy, he argues about American’s love affair with sports and how he thinks sports have gone beyond a healthy interest to an addiction. One of his big points is that sports have become an addiction, saying people need sports to feel normal and they seem to create their whole schedule around it. On the other hand, he claims that there are also some positive aspects to sports. He explains that sports bring people together.
Literature Resource Center, http://link.galegroup.com.proxy151.nclive.org/apps/doc/H1420096909/LitRC?u=ncliverockcc&sid=LitRC&xid=706af6fe. Accessed 11 Feb. 2018. Originally published in The Languages of Addiction, edited by Jane Lilienfeld and Jeffrey Oxford, St. Martin's Press, 1999, pp. 175-192. Tackach, James.
Addiction and drug abuse is used as a way to escape the harsh problems in society.
This is done in an attempt to provide background information for the imminent discussion. In addition to that, a brief outline will be provided of the Ecological Systems Theory so as to provide a clear understanding of the theory that has to be applied to the Movie. Finally, an examination will be made of the Microsystem as it relates to the addicted character in the movie. In constructing this paper, it is hoped that the reader will be able to garner a more comprehensive understanding of the effect an individual’s environment has on shaping not only that individual but the choices that they have available to them and are able to make and also on the overall outcome of their lives.
One group was placed in what he called “Rat Park” which was a nice environment for the rats, as they were was enough room for them to socialize. The other group was placed inside an old, isolated cage, and they placed plain water and morphine-laced water in both cages. The results were stunning as the rats in “Rat Park” resisted from drinking the morphine-laced water and the rats in the plain old cage loved it and couldn’t resist to it. It showed how environment play a major role in addiction, “This rather stunning finding shows, perhaps most clearly of all, how rats, when in a “friendly” place, will actually avoid anything, heroin included” This could be the
Therefore, those continually exposed to drug use will begin to see this as the normative behavior, accepting and adopting it for themselves. There is a direct correlation between the amount of exposure and the prevalence of deviant behavior. The realization of this correlation is part of what is leading the push for changes in drug laws. People are beginning to realize that while confining a drug user to jail does punish the drug user, it also forces them to observe and socialize with other deviants, not just other drug users, thereby exposing them to new and perhaps worse deviant behaviors for them to assimilate.
Humans have developed their own features and so have rodents. So, some of these tests are nowhere near
Drug abuse is caused by psychological, genetic as well as environmental factors and can have significant damaging effects on health. Psychological factors are associated with the development of drug abuse. Drug abuse often occurs