The Stonewall Rebellion of 1969 was a series of riots counteracting a violent police raid at Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, New York City, New York. Resulting from the years of mistreatment towards members of the LGBT community, the uprising was a work in progress that would heavily affect the way many viewed the community. The rebellion demonstrated the immense conflict became between the LGBT community and the rest of society and set the stage for future compromises to come in the close to fifty years following the uprising. The Stonewall
Rebellion of 1969 had a significant effects on the United States socially, politically and religiously and was a catalyst for the future of the United States’ Gay Rights Movements.
Background of Mistreatment
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However, the end of the 19th century brought new sodomy laws written with homosexuals in mind. These laws prohibited sexual acts in public as well as in the private home of a couple. Police officials were able to use these laws as a way to harass and provoke the emerging LGBT community. As the 20th century progressed, the gay and lesbian community began to grow, creating conflict between the traditional ways of life and the new and urbanized culture. With the end of the 19th century agriculture based economy and infrastructure, the United States’ population ratio of rural to urbanization almost flipped as the amount of people living in urbanized cities sky-rocketed. As cities’ populations rose, the LGBT community did as well. By the mid 20th 3 century, the United States populous were well aware of the homosexual. As laws against the
LGBT community began to emerge, the political, economic and social discrimination increased. As being a part of the LGBT was considered a very negative trait–even considered a mental disorder by professionals in medicine –the living conditions for those who were out
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These raids were in search of any illicit behavior that would give police officials reason to detain and arrest gay and lesbians individuals. Police raids included “crack down[s] on prostitution and other organized-crime activities” but were also commonly known for the harassment of customers and arrests of crossdressers. Everyone knew the risks and continued to frequent such establishments as they were the only place of solace for the community. Life of the homosexual in mid 20th century America was rough. Much of the LGBT community was made up of teenagers. “Parents in the old days actually threw their children out with the clothes they were wearing when they found out they were gay.” Rejected as outcasts in a society of prejudice and discrimination against minority groups, suicide and homeless rates ran high in the LGBT community as many felt they had nowhere else to turn to. The gay community seemed to be a lost cause in their fight for equality.
The Stonewall Inn and Mafia Corruption When the Stonewall Inn Restaurant closed after a fire in the mid 1960s, a mafia leader by the name Fat Tony purchased, renovated and turned the space into a gay bar. The
At first, there were too many people who had been influenced by the church, hence why homosexuality was seen as criminal in the first place. As Tom Warner, an activist for gay rights and writer says in David Churchill’s article: “This decision raised the chilling prospect that any gay man [any person] could be imprisoned for life unless he could prove he was unlikely to recommit a same-sex act” (Churchill 7). Through Warner’s words, it is seen how breath relieving the decision was to separate church from state for the gay community. The proposal of bill C-150 and the decriminalization of homosexuality made it so that the church would not affect any more political issues. As Trudeau has infamously said, “there’s no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation” (CBCnews).
“A group of people decided they’d had enough. They took a stand and in doing so began the New York Gay Activist movement. Which eventually spread to other parts of the country…. I very much doubt they know the impact of their decision to stand firm that day in 1969, but it’s because of those people that gay rights exist in this country today,” Lynley Wayne, LGBT Writer. Everyday people are trying to stand up for themselves.
When thinking about one of the key trigger moments that set-in motion the LGBT movement against the oppression and police brutality, the Stonewall Riots of 1969 is a moment that might come to mind for most people. However, three years prior there was a similar moment that has gone under the radar for the most part. Despite its unspoken history, this event has played an essential role in the burgeoning LGBTQ movement in San Francisco. This moment in time was the Compton Cafeteria Riot in August of 1966. This took place in the Tenderloin district of San Francisco.
A brochure for “Reminder Day” expressed that homosexuals were often not treated as equals and that the Federal, state and local governments have shown bias towards these individuals. Although some religions would perceive homosexuality as a sin, the individuals are still human and should be given the same opportunities as the rest of the population. In the past, the Declaration of Independence promised natural rights for all men, but some rights were not realized for minority groups. Over time, parts of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were revoked and amended so that in today’s world, all “men”, including women and minority groups, all have the same rights.
They were described as ‘sinners’ by dominant groups. They were stereotyped to more likely molest and rape heterosexuals. There was also a devastating shooting in an Orlando LGBT night club, killing 49 individuals and injuring countless. Homosexual African Americans are denied access to resources due to their sexual orientation. Resources such as housing, employment, fostering, and other services.
The flapper represented the “modern woman” in American youth culture in the 1920’s, and was epitomized as an icon of rebellion and modernity. Precocious, young, stubborn, beautiful, sexual, and independent, the flapper image and ideology revolutionized girlhood. The term “flapper” originated in England to describe a girl who flapped and had not yet reached maturity.
Martin Luther King Jr is the most iconic civil rights leader in history. If anyone is unsure of his significance, they could simply take a trip to Washington, D.C to view his magnificent monument. Dr. King in the 1950s and 1960s, led protests and spoke on numerous occasions about injustice and segregation within the African American community. Although he had many Anti- Racism protest, his most legendary took place in Birmingham, Alabama. While in Birmingham, Dr. King was arrested which led to him writing a detailed letter to the city clerk.
The mid-20th century was a time of sociopolitical defiance in America, with the Civil Rights Movement, the anti-Vietnam War protests, second-wave feminism, and gay rights groups at the forefront. In this era, any sexuality or gender identity outside of the societal norm was condemned as not only illegal but a mental defect as well. By fighting back against the police that night in July, the Stonewall rioters took a stand for their rights and their
Homosexuals, along with other minorities, were majorly targeted during this time period. Homophobia had become a common idea by this time, so when Adolf Hitler started to rid Earth of certain types of people, homosexuals were the first to go during the Holocaust (source 8 cite this). During this time the homosexuals were referred to as several names. For example, some of the names were: vermin, plague, cancerous ulcer, a tumor, and more nasty names (source 8 cite this). Also, to make sure everyone knew who was gay and who was not, the homosexuals were forced to wear a pink triangle to signify to others that they were different.
In 2015, the Obergefell v. Hodges case ended the “state bans on same-sex marriage”, therefore legalizing same-sex marriage (Important Supreme Court Cases). Now, “same-sex couples can now receive the benefits...of marriage that were largely exclusive to heterosexual couples” (Koch). The ruling has led to the modern fight for gay civil rights. Exposure to the LGBTQ+ community, the southern “Bathroom Bills”, and other fights for transgender rights, and the press for more LGBTQ+ representation in the media has erupted from this case. Both rulings had very big impacts on their respective communities.
With a few exceptions, a reverse of what happened after 342 occurs. A mass decriminalization of Sodomy begins, where, in the 1700s and 1800s many places including Brazil, Netherlands, Portugal, France, and more, decriminalize same-sex acts, sodomy. In 1836 an important event, the last execution by a government for the reason of homosexuality, transpires. This, in a sense, defines this third section on the history of homosexuality: a slow and gradual change towards acceptance marked with the ending of extreme laws and punishments. This century, the 1800s, had many more course-altering events.
Homosexuality, at this point, was regarded as a mental illness. Many had to hide their identity to avoid being made fun of and even imprisonment. Many police forces used young, undercover cops to try and get a confession out of homosexuals. During World War II, about 250,000 women signed up for the army. Many lesbians joined to meet other women and do men’s
THE STONEWALL RIOTS The Stonewall riots are widely believed to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States. Considered by some to be the "Rosa Parks" moment of the gay rights movement in America, the riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations against a police raid of the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, New York, in the early hours of June 28th, 1969. This single event has left a resounding impact on the fight for LGBT rights that can still be seen today. Throughout the 50s and 60s in the United States, the FBI along with local police departments kept close watch on what they believed to be "homosexual activity".
Homosexuals who witnessed the nightclub patrons being arrested began to taunt and attack police officials. It culminated in someone starting a fire within the nightclub, where rioting spread throughout the homosexual community of Greenwich Village for the rest of the night. This marked the commencement of the gay liberation movement, generating a great deal of controversy over a topic that uncomfortable for many Americans, launching it to the top as the subject of news stories in the media and in public discussion to an unprecedented high. The gay liberation movement had gained platforms to discuss their lifestyle, effectively challenging the notion of homosexuality being "aberrant behavior" to a certain degree. Most importantly, homosexuals were able to express their sexuality freely and unapologetically on a massive scale, and voicing their demands through a unified front, that relationships between homosexuals were just as significant as heterosexual
If they did come out there would be harsh consequences such as job loss or jail time. Carter does a great job of showing how gay people had to live in the shadows during the 1960s. Gay people did not have a bar, club, nor restaurant that would be accepting of them. Instead, if gay people wanted to go out and have a drink they would have to go to mafia ran bars and clubs. Within these clubs, the managers and owners were cruel to homosexuals even though the establishment invited them to their businesses.