How was the world interconnected in the early modern period, according to the introduction by Pomeranz & Topik? In what ways did the non-Western “peripheries” still have influence in their economic roles?
The world was interconnected in the early modern period by trade. Many different countries traded goods with each other, and adapted different cultures and traditions. For example, when China started using silver as currency, they traded with the British and Dutch. The Dutch would pay with pesos that had been made by African slaves using Incan and Aztec forms of labor. The silver would then eventually find its way to more places. Although, the people at the time didn’t know this, the world was interconnected because of trade, and because of the many places and people involved in trade.
Why was trade so pervasive in the Islamic world prior to contact with the Portuguese? In what ways did the Portuguese change those economic networks? What did they not change?
In the Islamic World currency was very important in the pervasiveness of trade. As long as tribute was paid, the rulers were allowed to do whatever they wanted. Most rulers were accepting of traders and allowed many of them to move from port to port. When the Arabs conquered the most of the Byzantine empire, they decided that
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At first the Incas used the silver for jewelry and temples, but soon the spanish conquistadors found the mountain and began to use the mita system to extract the silver for themselves. The Peruvian Indian villages were forced to provide men that could work extracting silver. The men were unable to avoid the system so they stayed and worked. They had to work for about 6 to 7 days a week providing ores to the Spaniards, that could later be melted into silver. After time the city surrounding the mountain grew very large and attracted many people because of the large amounts of silver in the
Based on the given documents 1-8, reasons for exchanges among major societies in the period 600-1450 were mainly focused on places of religious importance, the demand for sweet tasting foods, and the abundance of necessary materials, and with this the results of exchanges among major societies in the period 600-1450 were mainly the diffusion of culture through trade, the growth of population where there was a growth of trade, and the spread of ideas or traditions through trade, while the scope and pace of exchange among major societies in the period 600-1450 were mainly increased by the development of major trade routes. Based on the given documents, reasons for exchanges among major societies in the period 600-1450 were mainly focused on
Most of the goods flowed from West to East. In Doc #4, Japan trades with the Portuguese. The Portuguese bring white silk, gold, perfume and porcelain and in return Japan only brings silver. The silver that Portuguese obtains, is used as an advantage point against China. The Japanese bring the silver in return for China’s gold.
After the Roman Empire inevitably fell, trade fell along with it. Manors grew more popular as they produced everything anybody needed - they were self-sufficient. Not only this, but the populations of towns and cities shrunk. Everybody was involved in these new self-sufficient manors and the manorial system. But due to the Crusades, trade was revived.
Do you think there are no rules in trading, well there is when trading was the center of their region, many people had to follow rules on trading like to buy english Exports, which are products, and Imports, which are made goods. The trading system started in the 1500s where they made up a route in the sea called the Triangular Trade Route which was made up by Spain and Portugal. The triangular trade route is a route in the atlantic (the second largest ocean in the world) where it goes to the colonies to england, then to africa, then back again. The whales at the coast are first hunted down with harpoons and nets just to kill, then use the whale for products like whale
In Africa during the Post-Classical era, 600-1450 CE, the Saharan was no longer a barren wasteland hardly suitable for travel, but, an essential part of both North African and Sub-Saharan West African societies. Camels and caravans allowed for quicker and more effective traveling. With trading becoming increasingly popular in this area, it provided the resources to build new and larger political structures. During this era, Africa’s economy began to change and the western part of Sub-Saharan was no different. With the Trans-Saharan trade routes ability to increase with the help of wealthier Islamic states, it allowed for the spread of religious and political ideas such as larger empires and the Islamic faith in which both greatly influenced
In addition, the holy city, Mecca was the main site for trade. According to the map, followed by Document C, ”Mecca, the holy city, had military campaigns and was in the middle of Arabia, near the coastlines.” Ultimately, Arabs transported goods to market places. Document A state 's,”Vast camel trains, bearing species, perfume, precious metals, ivory and silk, filed through the town, headed north on the way from Yemen … to the
The attitudes of Christianity and Islam towards merchants and trade are different from one another in the beginning stages, but as time progress each moderate their earlier views. In the beginning Christians found it unfit to be a rich merchant, while Islam’s judgment on trade was acceptable as long as they were honest and the trading was just. As time went by over a couple hundred years, the followers if each belief changed their views on trade, though it was acceptable, merchants were expected to trade geniuses. In the beginning Christians found it unfit to be a rich merchant, while Islam’s judgment on trade was acceptable as long as they were honest and the trading was just.
The early modern era was a time when empires thrived across the globe. The Western Europeans were not the only ones to construct successful empires either. The Russian, Chinese, Mughal, and Ottoman empires added to this phenomenon. Although these empires share many similarities, they also have their differences. During the time, 1450 CE -1750 CE, European empires in the Americas and their Russian, Chinese, Mughal, and Ottoman counterparts are similar in that they all thrived and united diverse peoples and different in that European empires developed something entirely new, an interacting Atlantic World, while the other empires continued older patterns of historical development.
East and West Africa from 1000 to 1500 CE had profound differences in forms of government, with West Africa being kingdom based, and East Africa city-state based. The conversion of Eastern and Western African ruling elites compacted trading between themselves and Islamic traders from Mesopotamia, China, India, and as far away as Oceania. The relatively stable political environment from 1000-1500 CE in Sub-Saharan Africa attracted displaced peoples from the Abbasid empire in Northern Africa, with West Africa utilizing Trans-Saharan trade, and East Africa utilizing mariner trade routes. The East and West developed in clearly different ways, but paralleled each other in a way in which the political, social, and economic environments facilitated stable trade in the region, as well as a distinct blend between Islamic culture and African tradition.
The document by King Affonso I, titled Letters to King Jao of Portugal was written in 1526. During King Affonso’s reign, he saw many benefits of creating strong trading relationships with Europeans, specifically Portugal. To create a powerful alliance between the Kongo and Portugal the royal family converted to Christianity and allowed the process of importing European products. However, the importation of European goods appeared to diminish the economic society of the Kongo. In the letters to Portugal from King Affonso, he explains how the merchants who came to his kingdom are permitted to sell goods that are prohibited in the Kingdom of the Kongo.
The crusades affected trade in Europe. The way trade got affected was the bad causes that came because of the crusades. During one of the crusade wars, Europe 's good were affected during the wars, because after them, the were running low on merchandise and products. So not only was this bad for merchants, but it was bad for the townspeople, because they need resources. It also affected Europe in another way.
There was a high demand for luxurious goods that were special to each region which caused a great increase in trade. This also occurred on the Trans-Saharan trade routes with gold. Religion also played a big factor in why trade was increasing in these two trade routes. Increases in technology helped trade become more efficient and faster. For example, the compass helped people trade along the Indian Ocean sea lanes.
Throughout the late 1400’s and the 1500’s, the world experienced many changes due to the discoveries of new lands and peoples that had been never been visited before. The new-found lands of the Americas and exploration of Africa by the Europeans led to new colonies and discoveries in both areas. It also brought different societies and cultures together that had never before communicated, causing conflict in many of these places. While the Europeans treated both the Native Americans and West Africans as inferior people, the early effects they had on the Native Americans were much worse. Beginning in the late 1400’s, many different European explorers started to look for new trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere in order to gain economic and religious power.
The exchange offered great wealth to the New and Old Worlds and increased their quantities of resources. Also the spread of crop growing increased the demand for labor. This situation ensured the
First they had crossroads of profitable trade. They would trade perfumes, precious metals, incense, and silk filed through their town, headed North to coastal town. When they would trade overseas to the Arabian Peninsula, they traded spices, textiles, and spices from Asia. Mecca was rich due to travel connects to Europe, Asia and Africa. Trade became such a big thing in Islam, it was known as...