Tissue Culture Research Paper

Introduction:
Tissue culture of plant tissues is a method that has a wide variety of applications, including micropropagation, embryogenesis, organogenesis, and callus culture. The practice of tissue culture is used by different industries, such as the horticultural, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries. Callus and suspension cultures have been used to produce secondary products that have medicinal properties or other uses such as natural flavors or dyes in a sterile environment. Callus cultures are also initiated for analytic and quantitative comparative studies of secondary metabolites synthesis between the intact plant material and callus extracts [1-4]. Usually, an equal ratio of auxins and cytokinins will give the desired effect, but each species will require its own specific combination of concentrations. Exogenous application of auxin and

Callus started from the cut portions of the explant, where cells at the cut ends undergo mitosis, which leads to callus formation. It may be due to wound reaction or effect of exogenous growth regulator. For the establishment of optimal concentration of growth hormones for the production of callus various combinations of plant growth regulators (auxin and cytokinin) were tested, among the different combinations tested, BA and NAA proved to be the better in terms of inducing high frequency of callus formation from different explants of H. muticus L. and root explants were found to be the most effective explant which can produce the maximum mean fresh and dry weight of callus / explant followed by leaf and nodal segment explants. MS media free of plant growth regulators cannot induce any callus formation. On the same time, MS media even fortified with KN and 2,4-D or 2,4-D and NAA also can introduce callus induction but it is not effective for mass