Essay On Total Solids

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11. Total Solids in Water and Waste Water

Introduction:

The term “Total solids” includes all the solid constituents of a wastewater, which are as follows:

• Organic Solids: This fraction is generally composed of dead animal matter and plant tissue. It may also include synthetic organic compounds. These compounds are subject to decay or decomposition through the activity of bacteria and other living organisms and are combustible.
• Inorganic Solids: It includes sand, silt as well as the mineral salts in the water supply which produce the hardness and mineral content of the water. Such substances are inert and not subject to decay, and are non-combustible.
• Suspended Solids: Suspended solids are those which are visible and in suspension in the water. It can be easily removed from …show more content…

It includes all the solids which can pass through the filter pad of a Gooch Crucible.
Industrial discharges, sewage, fertilizers, road runoff, and soil erosion are main sources of total solids. Total solids can be expressed as milligrams per liter (mg/L). Total solid measurements are useful as an indicator of the effect of runoff from construction, sewage treatment plant discharges and other sources. Total solids affect water clarity and will be higher in highly mineralized water, which result in unsuitability for many applications. As a result regular monitoring of total solids are important in the control of biological and physical wastewater treatment processes and for assessing compliance with regulatory agency wastewater effluent limitations.

Principle:
Total solids are measured by weighing the amount of solids present in a known volume of sample. This is done by evaporating the sample in a weighed dish on a steam bath and is dried to a constant mass in an oven at 103 – 105 0 C. Total solid (residue) is calculated from increase in mass.

Apparatus:
(i) Measuring cylinder of 100

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