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Essay On Urinalysis

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Urinalysis and the Kidney
Urinalysis is a test of a urine sample. It helps detect disorders and identify illnesses, diagnose and monitor medical condition (Table 1), and assess overall health. General urinalysis involves visual exam, dipstick read, and microscopic analysis. The first analysis includes tests for colour, clarity, odor, and specific gravity. A dipstick read detects acidity, protein, glucose, ketones, nitrites, and leukocyte esterase. Non-chemical microscopic analysis shows blood cells, casts, crystals, bacteria, yeast cells, parasites, squamous (Kennedy, n.d.).
• Color. It may vary from almost colorless yellow to dark yellow. The first condition indicates dilute urine when much liquid was taken, or diabetes. The latter condition …show more content…

Normal urine is clear. Cloudiness of the urine may be caused by excessive amount of protein, cellular material, or presence of salt, sperm, crystals, or parasites. A foamy state of the urine may be caused by protein in it. However, cloudiness does not necessarily means problems, but the result of some medicines or food.
• Odor. Normal smell is a little “nutty”. Many foods affect the odor. Sweet, fruity odor often is the sign of uncontrolled diabetes (UD). Other abnormalities indicate urinary tract infections (UTI).
• Specific gravity. The amount of substances reflects the work of the kidneys. Low and high specific gravity show if the amount of water is correspondingly sufficient or insufficient. Normal gravity figures are within 1.005-1.030.
• Acidity (pH). The test shows how the urine is acidic or alkaline. Either content can be changed for treatment needs. Acidic urine has a pH of 4, a normal or neutral state is between 4.6 and 8.0, and strongly alkaline urine has a pH of 9. A high pH may threat with a kidney disease, UTI, asthma. A low pH shows lung disease, UD, starvation, etc.
• Protein. It is found in the case of kidney disease, fever, infection, cancer, pregnancy, and some other serious diseases. The upper limit of normal is 10 mg/100

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