Essay On Water Harvesting Methods
DAM Site Selection Using GIS Techniques and remote sensing to Minimize Flash Floods in East Nile Locality (Soba Valley)-Khartoum State
Abdel Rahim Elhag1, Islam Hamad Eljack1
1School of Survey, Department of GIS, Faculty of Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, SUDAN
Abstract: In the last few year’s devastating flash floods descending downstream through valleys have occurred in East Nile Locality-Sudan. A flash flood can be caused by intense rain, particularly when it takes place in a saturated area where rain has previously fallen. Under these conditions the additional rain runs off over the surface and accumulates in streams and channels at a much accelerated pace. To determine earth dam’s locations multi criterion methods
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The list of water harvesting techniques in Figure 3 is far from complete. You will probably come across different traditional and/or non-traditional techniques. Water harvesting systems can be grouped into two categories: Systems in which the bunds follow the contour line are called contour systems. Systems in which bunds do not follow the contour line, but enclose a part of the slope are called freestanding systems. Water harvesting systems for trees usually have an infiltration pit because the harvested water has to be concentrated near the tree. On long slopes systems with an infiltration pit are not advisable, because these systems harvest a large quantity of runoff water, too much to be collected in an infiltration pit. On long slopes the water is collected in a larger, cultivated area and used for either fodder/rangelands or crops. All kinds of variation are possible within water harvesting systems. The bunds can be constructed using a variety of materials: earth, stones and living and/or dead vegetable material (living barriers or trash lines). The bunds may or may not have a provision for draining the excess harvested water. For the free- standing systems variations are also possible in the layout of the bunds. They can be semi-circular, V-shaped or rectangular (Critchley
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