Essay On Xhosa Culture
Table of Contents
Introduction
Rites of passage differ across culture, tribes, clans and even families. The rites on which I will be focusing on will be those of the Xhosa culture in greater detail of Ulwaluko and Intonjane.
Ulwaluko is the initiation of boys into men. It includes their seclusion from society and circumcision. During their period of seclusion, they are taught values and morals about the Xhosa culture as well as about manhood.
Intonjane is the initiation of girls to women. Their seclusion period is shorter than that of Ulwaluko. It also offers the girls information about their role in society as women and the values of the Xhosa culture. It does not involve and surgical procedures, and seclusion is in the yard of the girls’ homes.
Ulwaluko – The Initiation of Boys to Men
Ulwaluko is a Xhosa word that refers
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Special grass called ixopho or uluzi burnt and the initiate has to jump over the fire, to represent her jumping over who she was (a girl) into womanhood.
• Day five is called umphindelo . On this day, the initiate is allowed to leave seclusion for a day and has to drink sour milk.
• Day six and seven are then the day of umphumo . This is similar to umgidi for men coming back from the bush. The female is leaving seclusion and is introduced to the community as a woman. Cattle is slaughtered again and family and friends gather to celebrate the coming of age of their daughter. The new woman has to eat Intsonyama for protection provided by the ancestors.
The person guardian of the initiate is called inkazana and unlike the appointed ikhankatha, she is the sister of the initiate’s father. Her duty is to advise the initiate about womanhood. She is in charge of cooking the initiate, bathing her, as well as dressing her.
The initiate is not allowed to wear any clothing, but a cloth called ibheshu which covers her from her waist to just above her knees, and her face is smeared with imbola
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