For this, first of all we need to define a poverty line which can differ in urban and rural area, then what is the distribution of income among poor and how much money will be required to take the affected people out of poverty. Handbook on poverty and inequality provided by World Bank define poverty with the help of following indices. The headcount index (P0) measures the proportion of the population that is poor. It is famous because it is easy to understand and measure. But it does not indicate how poor the poor
This argument follows that the best option for poor countries is the idea that people can find ways to solve their problems if the markets are free and the incentives are right. Poor economics differs from these arguments and reasons that it is possible to make significant progress in alleviate poverty by taking small steps. They argue that political constraints make it difficult to find big solutions to the problem of poverty. The book is a presentation of 8 years of field research in the villages of developing countries such as India, Kenya, Morocco and Indonesia. The authors steer away from the question of whether foreign aid is right or wrong and investigate the complex and multifaceted lives of poor people and policies that could help them.
Research questions: How does inequality and poverty affect each other? What measures can be taken to tackle this issue of poverty? Objectives: To investigate the causes and effects of poverty To find out how inequality and poverty are interconnected To suggest possible solutions to decrease the rate of poverty If we want to make poverty history, we first need to understand the history of poverty. To understand how this devilish chain of poverty began, I researched upon its history. According to many, poverty first manifested during the rules of kings when the caste systems were created and when jobs, money and food were allocated to people according to their castes, colour and ancestral standards that are their family background of the jobs and respect given to that family.
At point D the wage rate that is expected in the urban sector is equal to the urban minimum wage. Thus there will be rural urban migration that would prevail. Point D is also not the optimal point because at this point it is within the PPC curve and also at a lower IC. Thus Harris Todaro suggests that the economy should go with providing wage subsidy because with this the economy can move to point L which is on the PPC curve and is also at a higher social welfare curve U5. And with this he says that even though point L is unattainable still the economy should go on with providing wage subsidy because then the economy can achieve point C which is at a higher social welfare curve U3 and will also be preffered over point B.
Gender and poverty There is more than one meaning of poverty throughout literature, this is because it can be measured in multiple ways. The first definition of poverty is defined as the inability to attain a minimal standard of living which is measured in terms of basic consumption needs or income required to satisfy them (The World Development Report 1990). The Joseph Rowntree Foundations’ definition of poverty is when a person’s resources (mainly material resources) are insufficient to meet their minimum needs (including social participation). Poverty has many aspects besides the material. But if that core is ignored, it becomes impossible to separate poverty from other broader conditions such as lack of wellbeing (Bunnett & Daly, 2014:6).
Historian Richard Bessel believes that Germany made economic progress between 1924 and 1929 but the costs of a growing social welfare system was like a “time bomb” for Weimar democracy (Bessel, 1993). The competing demands on welfare could not be met, even before unemployment insurance that introduced just before the slump, as its financial basis was ruined by mass unemployment. Therefore as Kolb states ‘it is generally accepted that the economic situation in Germany was highly precarious even before the world depression’ (Kolb, 1988). Overall low investments were caused by the savers’ lack of confidence in lending money to the
In terms of information management, it is true that the food production shortage was detected quite early (by December 2004), but the way the shortage was interpreted caused confusion as to the appropriate response. Livestock prices were not analysed in relation to increases in cereal prices. This created a false impression, since the degradation of peoples purchasing capacity was based on the decapitalisation of livestock as well as inflated cereal prices. Thus, responses to price rises, such as subsidised cereal sales, were only tackling part of the
Dumont human sequence order (1970), to a certain extent, restored 1970s caste research interests. He focused on the need to understand the caste ideology as reflected in the classic text. In India, the caste system Dumont promotes research methods and thinking structure used in the social structure of the village. Therefore, Dumont (1970: 1-30) perspective "Indian sociology" in India and the Special Representative branch of sociology, he advocated the Indian community to understand the correct type of 'combination' prerequisite confluence place. French sociological tradition Dumont lead in shaping human behavior, action, bringing together sociology and India emphasized ideology.
The success of this huge network is dependent on its ability to translate a macro level self-sufficiency to a micro level, by ensuring availability of food grains for poor households. The Public Distribution System is considered as the principal instrument in the hands of government for providing a safety net to the poor and the downtrodden. The system serves triple objectives namely protecting poor, enhancing the nutritional status and generating a moderate influence on market price. (https://en.wikipedia.org) Definition of Public Distribution System It is difficult to define Public Distribution System as a general concept because of the contextual and situation specific nature of this concept. However one broad definition that can be considered for the present study is as follows.'
Abstract- The paper presents a method of projecting census data of a nation as Big Data for Analytics purpose. Census Data provides the demographics and details of the geographical, social and economic status of a country. This data is recorded once in a decade and is maintained by government. In India also we have a census data recording since 1872. We can imagine if we combine these data we will get a treasure of information will be beneficial for the government, policy maker, planning commission to mend and implement beneficial policies and laws for citizens of the country.