As Susan Aldridge illustrates in her article “Human Cloning”, therapeutic cloning is the creation of an embryo which will later develop into tissues and cells for the purpose of research. On the contrary, reproductive
Human cloning The term ‘cloning’ represents the processes carried out to produce a duplicated genetic replica of a certain type of cell, tissue, or organism. The duplicated material that consists of the identical genetic makeup with the original, is called a clone. Various methods of cloning that are claimed successful nowadays will be the gene cloning, which is referring to the creation of copies of segments or genes of DNA. Secondly, the reproductive cloning, where the duplication of the entire animals is made, and lastly the therapeutic cloning, which the embryonic stem cells are created. (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017).
Reproductive cloning is the second one, it produces copies of the whole body of an organism (mostly an animal). The last one is Therapeutic Cloning, this produces system cells that are embryonic. To conclude, science is a very ambitious topic. Many people are with or against cloning. Maybe the world should start considering to what they are doing to the environment and to the world.
Human cloning is ethically wrong; there are many risks involved, which will lead to detrimental effects on human society. Before going into my points, I would like to talk about what cloning is. According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, cloning is “a number of different processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity.” (Green, genome.gov). There are three types of artificial cloning: gene cloning, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Gene cloning is the production of copies of genes and DNA.
Cloning is an idea that is often portrayed in science fiction as a way to essentially duplicate another living being. It has been making an appearance in the real world as something that could be useful in the medical and scientific fields as a way to bring back animals or to save peoples’ lives. Due to how unique cloning is, it was portrayed in famous parts of the media such as Jurassic Park. Although cloning does sound promising, it does possess a darker side to it, which does raise both moral and ethical issues. There are articles that do discuss cloning in which they either list the benefits of it or tell us about what moral and ethical issues that do come out of cloning.
Cloning is bad because we don't know what is going to happen in the end, although there are those who are on the opposing side. Scientists have cloned various animals to attempt to reproduce an exact replica of the original animal. One major reason why cloning animals is an ongoing issue is that it causes suffering for animals. It is said that “animal surrogates were manifesting adverse outcomes, and cloned animals were having diseases and even high mortality rates. One of these negative results is the large offspring syndrome (LOS), where clones are large at birth since they came
It is also true that the technology has some advantages, this is because human cloning technology has so many defects such as low success rates, abuse of technology, and unsolved ethical problems that human being can not afford. Also, having unimaginable side effects or defects, human cloning must be prohibited. “It 's perfectly clear that if cloning works in every other mammal in which it 's been tried, it will work in human beings (NOVA Online | 18 Ways to Make a Baby | On Human Cloning: Lee Silver, no date).” This simple point of view that the success rates of human cloning and animal cloning is almost equal because they are same ‘living creatures’ is normally accepted by almost everyone. In this point of view, people might have hope about cloning as they think they know some success case such as Dolly. However, including Dolly, “some clones have inherent disorder such as defective hearts, lung problems, diabetes, blood vessel complications and malfunctioning
What this would do is kind of scare the humans of human cloning. For example in the documentary food INC many people after that movie were grossed out and were scared to eat meat. So if we show human cloning in public many people would disagree causing human cloning to be gone
But he doubts that's a compelling enough reason to undertake the extensive and costly effort needed to get such a procedure approved, at least for "decades and decades." Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society in Berkeley, California, called it unethical to subject that new child to "the psychological and emotional risks of living under the shadow of its genetic predecessor." Human cloning could also require many women to donate eggs and to serve as surrogates, she said. At the moment, because of safety concerns, federal regulators in the U.S. would not allow making a human baby by cloning, and international scientific groups also oppose it, said biomedical ethics expert Insoo Hyun of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals condemned the monkey-cloning experiments.
So where is the USA on human cloning? Human cloning is legal in the U.S., but there are some Federal prohibitions against research. The George W. Bush regime was especially difficult, and Barack Obama ended the ban on embryonic stem cell research, while remaining opposed to human cloning. Stanford formed a stem cell institute in 2003 and Harvard initiated efforts to clone human embryos in 2006. They initially were attempting to fund this work with private donors without any government assistance.