Ethics In Management Swot Analysis

2 Theoretical Developments of Ethics in Management

Studies on management involve the accession of its evolution (Hermann, 2005) and changes in the structure (Ramos- Rodriquez and Ruiz-Navarro, 2004). Therefore great attention needs to be paid between the relationship of ethics and social responsibility, thereby integrating ethics in management. More so, western society’s administration and emerging developing countries experienced and are faced with numerous opposing conduct, orientations, values and ethical dilemma concerning the shape of their public sectors. As a matter of this, the implication of contradicting values and varying responsibilities leaves the present-day administrators in an ethical predicament and in the state of personal

Kenneth Andrews, 1971, describe four important aspect of integral element of strategy and ethics in management

“1) Market opportunity, 2) Corporate Competence and resources 3) Personal Values and aspirations, and 4) Acknowledged obligations to the segments of society other than stockholders”(p.19). Therefore to come out with a strategy 4 principles must be consider ; what could be done(opportunities), what can be done (resources), what is worth doing(goal), and what should be done(responsibilities).

Base on the points above, (Andrews 1971, p.53), come out with the view that the sensible decision that determine the economic strategy of a management can never be separated from the personal values of those making the decision. Therefore management should functions base on the values of senior managers but should also respect social issues and moral of leaders (social responsibility). Which he refer to in his own words as “the view points of various leaders and segments of society and their own standard of right and wrong”(Andrews, 1971, p.

The process of decision making in an organization is derive in 4 different model recognize by the agent namely the moral issue, taking a moral judgments, place a moral concerns ahead of other concerns and act or respond according to this moral concern ( Rest 1986). Most research in ethical decision making has been to examine individual characteristics and environmental factors in the process. For example( Trevino (1986, 1992) “proposed that ethical decision making is the result of the interaction between individual and situational components, with the individual's way of thinking about ethical dilemmas being moderated by individually and situationally based moderators”. The sense –making model has two cognitive stages that is the stage of perception of the problem like the consequences and the alternatives means available and the utilitarian stage of judgments which is affected by personal experience, organizational and environmental culture (Hunt and Vitell's 1986). Furthermore, for an organization to make any decision it must first start with the recognition of a problem which is base on its intensity (Jones et al., 1991), different individual ethical orientations (Forsyth 1980; Douglas et al., 2001; Forsyth, 1992; Vitell & Paolillo, 2004),