The Doctrine of Public Trust, has germinated over the years and came out as the heart and soul principleof the judiciary with a view to corroborate the legitimacy of governmental action that meddlesomewith the use, by the general public, of natural resources. The question arises, how did it operationalise in the past? The Public Trust Doctrine has been evolved from the Roman Times when on the orders of the Justinian; the commission codified all the laws, regulations and rules. It is an emerging tool of modernisationwhich develops proximity to ownership, protection, and the use of natural and cultural resources thereby considered as the unique, potential, efficacious, utilitarian doctrine for managing the natural resources. The Doctrine essentially recognises that certain public uses ought to be specifically protected .By the virtue of ancient times its origin lie there, but its application in the legal system is a modern development. The American Case which set forththe Public Trust Doctrine is …show more content…
Natural resources are considered as a gift from the god and they are inherited property of all mankind. These resources cannot be appropriated for private use by any individual. The state can give the ownership right to an individual only when there is something beneficial coming outof it, but not at the cost of environment. Intrue sense, state is altruist.The protection of natural resourceshas also given rise to the concept of sustainable development for present time as well as for future time. After taking the view from all the interpretations,this can be said that each case depends on its factuality. The Public Trust Doctrinein itself is the preserver of natural resources. Therefore, it can be said that the scope of Public Trust Doctrine is not limited to its traditional approach rather has extended to various other properties which can be beneficial for public at large if retained by the state as
The purpose of this essay is to argue whether "economics is a friend or a foe of ethics". A concept discussed by Norman Bowie, A.K Gavai and Milton Friedman. Before moving into further detail, what is economics and ethics all about? According to the dictionary, "economics is the science that deals with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services or the material welfare of human kind." Whereas ethics are the "values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions".
Our adaption takes place in Oxford, England, in the year 1888. Focussing on the Kaylock family and a murder that has taken place within it, siblings are feuding with each other over whether the killing of their brother was morally right. Jefferson, the oldest child in the family, had just turned the proud age of 21 when he was attacked and killed by his twin brothers Clarence and Benedict when the family was practicing their hunting. After convincing Jefferson to join them, the twins proceeded to bring him just off the family’s property and shoot him. The boys’ sister Amelia had been left at home for the trip, and only gained knowledge of her brother’s death when the hunting party returned, dragging Jefferson’s body back with them on the
Early iterations of this distinction can be traced all the way back to the medieval period, however, it was not until the early 19th century that this fundamental conceptual division gained true prominence. The central goal for legal scholars at the time was to establish a clear dividing line between public and private law, whereby matters pertaining to constitutional, criminal and regulatory law would be classified under public law, and torts, contracts, property and commercial law as private. 2 Purpose of Constitutional Law If a wrong has been committed, the public/private law distinction is a fundamental one when attempting to understand and determine the remedies that will be available, under different areas of law. For instance, when considering a constitutional wrong that has been committed, there needs to be an underlying comprehension of the purpose of constitutional law. It is only by doing so, that one is then able to determine whether the existing remedies are appropriate in the context or if amendments are needed in order for reparation to truly be
The dilemma that the author proposes with natural resource option is that if the environment cannot speak then who has the right to speak on its behalf? Who should define the interest of society in relation to the natural world? Is it appropriate to drill for oil along fragile coastlines? Who should bear the cost of cleaning up abandoned toxic waste sites taxpayers of the business responsible for the contamination? Where do we define our limits in terms of the contamination and growth?
The inhabitants right to an “environment that is not harmful to their health and well-being” and the right to “ecologically sustainable development” is violated. Environmental ethics, on the other hand, is the area of applied ethics that discusses, reflects and reasons on normative measures (values, rules, norms, criteria) for dealing with non-human natural entities in a responsible way (Karafyllis 2013, p.292). In particular, it refers to the value that mankind places on protecting, conserving, and efficiently using resources that the earth provides. Simply put, environmental ethics poses the question - what, if any, moral obligation does man have to the preservation and care of the non-human
In his book, “The Law”, Frederic Bastiat aims to counter the trend in legislation which he identified in France during his life. A legislator himself, Bastiat worried that the scope of the law had expanded far past what was just and thus performed the very acts of greed and plunder which it should aim to prevent. Bastiat based his argument on the idea that the essence of man is found in his personality, liberty, and property. The role of law is to protect these faculties of man, and anything beyond is abuse of power and legal plunder. Bastiat views these elements which comprise man as innate.
The first amendment of the United States Constitution protects citizens’ rights to; freedom of the press, peaceful assembly, religious freedom, the right to petition the government, and the right to free speech. The Constitution itself asserts: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances” Interpreting the first amendment has always been a subject for debate, and many citizens of the United States are unaware of what is actually protected by the first amendment, specifically in regards to freedom of speech. This lack
The authority is supposed to regulate and protect the citizens, yet the lack of trust from both the citizens and authority strains the
William R Madden Ethics: Good Reasoning 1. Introduction A. Anyone may have an opinion, but if it is likely to be accurate, that opinion should have relevant information used to support it. 2. Arguments A. A collection of information used to support a theory.
In all areas of law reasonableness tends to play a fundamental role including reasonably foreseeability, the reasonable man, beyond reasonable doubt and reasonable force to name a few. The concept of reasonableness in public decision making is no different and has developed, expanded and retracted in various jurisdictions over the past century. In public decision making, reasonableness particularly relates to judicial review, and the actions, events or otherwise which lead a public body to arrive at a particular decision rather the decision itself. It is of great importance that reasonableness is applied to public bodies in order to control the exercise of power and to prevent arbitrary and unfair decisions. In this essay, we will examine
Introduction Academic Integrity is an essential component of third level education because it is the fundamental building block in which we derive our professional ethics and integrity from. It sets a pattern for life long integrity in all areas of life. Our job as students is to construct knowledge honestly and fairly. A culture of honesty earns a great deal of respect. Integrity is fundamental to everything we do in college, I don’t think we can have genuine learning without integrity.
Anderson (2003), there are several implications of this concept of public policy. It refers to a purposive course of action undertaken by a government in dealing with certain problems or matters of concern. Firstly, public policies are purposive or goal-oriented actions rather than random behaviours or chance occurrences. Secondly, they can be courses or patterns of measures taken over time by governmental authorities rather than separate and distinct decisions. Thirdly, they are in response to policy demands and involve other actors, such as individuals, groups of citizens, groups of representatives, or legislators and other public officials, in action or inaction on certain public issues.
The reading assignments for this week has been very educative about the environment and making it a better place for living. In this written assignment, I will examine some of the ethical issues related to population growth and their effect to the environment. Also, I will propose solutions to these problems base on the reading material available for this Unit. But before I continue, I wish to introduce us to environmental ethics and its definition which I think it is very important for us to understand so as to know our role to play in this beautiful planet. Environmental ethics is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to, and also the value and moral status of, the environment and its non-human contents
Ever since Garrett Hardin’s publishing of the Tragedy of Commons in 1968, it has been used extensively to understand environmental problems. The tragedy of the commons can be defined as when individuals acting in rational self interest seek to maximize the benefit of Earth’s resources as fast as they can and in doing so, lack an incentive to conserve and regulate these resources (Olive, 2016). This concept can be seen in the 2014 film Damnation by Travis Rummel and Ben Knight. Below, it is shown how the dams in the movie exemplify key characteristics of a commons, why problems of the dams are hard to overcome and how these problems can be solved. By examining the dams shown in the film, it is evident that the problem of the dams is an accurate example of the tragedy of the commons.