In the control fruit, ethylene production increased gradually throughout the 12-day period at 25ºC (Fig. 1A). Ethephon treatment induced an earlier onset of ethylene production, with a large effect during day 1-3. In contrast, 1-MCP treatment significantly delayed ethylene production until day 5 compared to the control fruit and ethephon treatment (Fig. 1A). For control fruit, durian pulp firmness rapidly decreased by day 3 during ripening at 25 °C. (Fig. 1B). Using ethephon-treated fruit, pulp firmness decreased more rapidly than the control fruit. 1-MCP treatment delayed pulp firmness decrease for 9 days of ripening at 25ºC. However, a rapid decrease in firmness was found in fruit on day 12 and 15 similar to the rate found in the control …show more content…
Gene expression in the pulp Gene expression of DzACS1 and DzACS2 in control durian pulp increased significantly to a maximum on day 7 and 5 during fruit ripening, respectively. Ethephon treatment was found to induce DzACS1 and DzACS2 gene expression only on day 5 and 3 respectively, compared to the control durian pulp (Fig. 3). 1-MCP treatment inhibited strongly the expression of both DzACS1and DzACS2. The effect of 1-MCP inhibition on both DzACS1 and DzACS2 was not apparent from day 9 onwards (Fig. 3). The transcript abundance of DzETR1, DzETR2, DzCTR1, DzEIL1 and DzEIL2 were high in the control durian pulp during fruit ripening on day 1-7 (Fig. 4 and 5), with the highest expression of DzETR2 (Fig. 4B) and the lowest of DzEIL1 (Fig. 5B). An increase in DzETR1 and DzETR2 expression in control fruit reached a maximum on day 7 and 5, respectively and decreased sharply thereafter. Ethephon treatment increased both DzETR1 (Fig. 4A), DzETR2 (Fig. 4B) and DzCTR1 (Fig. 5A) expression to a maximum on day 5 and decreased thereafter. 1-MCP treatment severely reduced the expression of all five ethylene receptor and transduction genes. This expression then gradually increased from day 9 onwards (Fig. 4 and …show more content…
Fig. 1B). Predicted TATA-box and CAAT-box of the core promoter were identified. The important regulatory cis-acting element found was a binding site for ethylene response factor 1 (aTGTATttc). Other cis-acting elements identified included a light responsive element (3-AF1; TAAGAGAGGAA), an anaerobic induction element (ARE-box; TGGTTT), a gibberellin-responsive element (GARE-motif; AAACAGA), a low temperature responsive element (LTR-box; CCGAAA), a stress responsive element (TC-rich repeats; GTTTTCTTAC) and a salicylic acid responsive element
After multiple cycles of ligation, detection and tail cleavages, the extended chain reached the end of the template. Then the whole extension chain is removed and a new starting primer switching down 1 nucleotide position binds onto the template for another cycle of reaction. Totally, five round of primer binding cycles are performed to complete the sequencing of each fragment. 3. Pitfalls and limitations of NGS Errors could be introduced in any step of the sequencing process, including library
We made high and low density treatments of ten seeds and two seeds respectively. Each treatment had water, soil, and fertilizer. The height and survivorship from each treatment was averaged over four weeks. These results show no significant difference between the high and low treatments.
On day one no seeds germinated. By day two, seeds in the control group, 15% and 25% experimental groups had germinated. On day two the experimental group with 25% concentration of miracle gro’ had the most seeds
It is important to note that when grapes are ripening, they will have equivalent amounts of glucose and fructose. The sugar content will be 18-24 brix/100g of sugar. In addition, during ripening period, the acidity of grapes should lie around pH 3.3 or 0.6-0.8g/100ml, with declination in Malic and tartaric acid as they metabolize which cause dilution to occur. The berries should be dark colored with soft elastic textures that allow it to be easy to be removable from the pedicels. Nonetheless, strong varietal aroma with low to none astringency should also be found within the berries when it is ripe.
We accept our hypothesis of the germinated seeds in the dark and the dormant seeds in the dark having a higher rate of cellular respiration then germinated seeds in the light and the dormant seeds in the light. The germinated seeds in the dark had 0mL of change in oxygen levels while the germinated seeds in the light had -.05mL of change in their oxygen levels. The germinated seeds in the dark had a .05mL more for their change in oxygen then the germinated seeds in the light, therefore the germinated seeds in the dark had a higher rate of cellular respiration then the germinated seeds in the light. The dormant seeds in the dark had 0mL of change in their oxygen levels and the dormant seeds in the light had -.16mL of change in their oxygen levels. The dormant seeds in the dark had a .16mL greater change in their
Epictetus makes many points in The Encheiridion. In his first point he talks about what is under our control and what is not. Basically he is saying anything that we do is under our control and what we don’t do is not under our control. We need to distinguish between the two
Catechol oxidase is found in cell cytoplasm, their function in plants are to "help protect damaged plants bacterial and fungal disease." The objective of this experiment is to test the presences of catechol oxidase in various fruits and vegetables. Our group hypothesis states that, If catechol oxidase is present in the selected extracts, the null hypothesis is that catechol oxidase is not present in the selected extracts. Next, the prediction would be, if catechol oxidase doesn't differ with other enzyme sources, then the rates will
When they’ve got higher summer temperatures, they are adopting increased irrigation requirements, increased water storage ability, more accurate moisture monitoring systems and more efficient irrigation systems. The avocado industries are affected by climate through impacts on growth, disease risk, fruit’s quality and industry location. Climates in Australia and New Zealand are surrounding
Chemical stress affected the cell membrane of a beet cell, because of the higher amount of ethanol added to the beet. For example, we added 1% ethanol, 25% ethanol, and 50% ethanol to 3 test tubes with 15 mm of beets inside. We left it with no air inside for 30 minutes then tested the absorbance of the ethanol without the beet. The class got roughly 0.273 for the 1% ethanol, 1.205 for the 25% ethanol, and 1.882 for the 50% ethanol concentration. In each solution, the ethanol was a bit redder than the last.
Alexandra Fowler Due: 10/25/2015 Metabolism Exam Answer the following questions as completely and concisely as possible. Some answers may be a single word, but for more detailed responses, keep you answer to 3 sentences or less. What is the electron donor of an organism growing chemorganotrophically? The electron donor of an organism growing chemorganotrophically is an organic compound such as glucose, acetate, etc.
However, after investigation through gel electrophoresis, the three kinds of plants were not identical. This relates to the
Yeast Mating Report I. Introduction Before the data and results can be discussed, it is important to understand a few key concepts such as the yeast life cycle, the different mating types a and alpha, and the yeast strains used in the experiment. The yeast life cycle consists of five stages; resting, budding, shmoo, spore and zygote. During the resting stage, or interphase, the yeast haploid cells are not replicating but are taking in nutrients (Urry et al 2014.) Next comes the budding stage in which the haploid cells begin to replicate either by proliferation or sporulation if the haploid cell is in the presence of another cell of the opposite mating type, either a or alpha (explained in more detail later.)
Abstract In this experiment, the isolation, characterization, and determination of concentration and purity of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA from Allium Cepa or onion was performed. DNA was isolated through the use of a homogenizing solution. The absorbance ratio was 1.5, which indicates protein contamination. Moreover, the characterization of its components was conducted through the use of different chemical tests.
Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to test various temperatures beet have on cell membrane and to investigate how beets will secrete red pigments. As the temperature increases in the cell membrane more dye will be release from the beet. As it expands, kinetic energy will accelerate up the distribution of red pigment to a point where it will damage the cell and the denature of proteins will increase where the dye will be free. Background:
The promoter has an initiation site where the process begins, polymerase then synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from a DNA strand and moves the coding sequence so that the gene can be transcribed.