Internal And External Factors Of European Integration
Please think about the interference of internal (European) and external (global) factors, shaping European integration? How were they related? Give one or two examples!
In a very broad sense, the ideas of a unified Europe can be found throughout centuries preceeding World War II: Byzantine Empire, Roman Empire, French Empire, Nazi Germany and others whose common feature is unity imposed on people by force. A more peaceful “unification” was achieved through poltical marriage: dynasties wanted to secure peace and cooperation among themselves. However, peace never lasted long enough and European countries considered each other enemies just to confirm Kant’s idea that peaceful coexictence of neighboring countries is not a natural status (status
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The internal factors alone, without the external ones, would like be insuffient for sucessful integration: too many countries had very different national interested, too many leaders opposed to the idea of integration to begin with. If external factors did not exist, the European integration, even it it happened, would have been much slowlier or maybe would have been as deep: it is “easier” to act and cooperate for the European states in the face of one common enemy (or two in this case). The same is true the other way around: with all the external factors in the world the European integration wouldn’t have been possible if it wasn’t for the internal interests, for the readiness of the countries to partially give up their sovereignity in order to confer certain powers to the Union, the readiness that had been fostered in Europe for centuries but which only gained a critical mass after the World War II, itself being an internal and external factor at the same time. History, as we know, has no “ifs” and “if not’s” but we can definitely conclude that it is the combination of the internal and external factors that influenced the European integration and shaped the European Union as we know it today.
Bibliography:
1. Immanuel Kant. Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, 1795
2. Hartmut Marhold. European Integration, seen from Historiography and Political Science
3. Donald J. Puchala. Institutionalism, Intergovernmentalism and European Integration: A Review Article
4. Jan Suchaček. European integration after World War II: The Way to the Treaties of
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