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Eutrophication In Aquaculture

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Background of the study
While aquaculture has ancient roots in Asia, it was in the 1970s that aquaculture started to increase the ecosystem service of food provisioning worldwide. This growth has led aquaculture to become a significant source of food and income to much of the world population. By 2050 the world will need 70 to 100% more food (Godfray et al., 2010) and aquaculture in coastal waters will be an important component of this expansion. Total global capture production averaged about 90.5 million tonnes per year from 1997 to 2007 and many stocks are currently over exploited. In contrast, aquaculture production has continued to show strong growth, increasing from about 37 million tonnes in 2002 to 50 million …show more content…

Eutrophication is the leading cause of water quality impairment around the world. It is the over enrichment of water with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus as a result of human activity. Eutrophication can be defined simply as the increase in the rate of production and accumulation of organic carbon in excess of what an ecosystem is normally adapted to processing (Nixon, 1995; Rabalais, 2004). Eutrophication can be harmful to both freshwater and marine ecosystems, and leads to a progression of symptoms that include (Selman et al., 2008):
 Excessive phytoplankton and macro algal growth that is the source of organic carbon for accumulation. This can also reduce light penetration and lead to a loss of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV).
 An imbalance of nutrient ratios that can lead to a shift in phytoplankton species composition and creating conditions that are favorable to nuisance and toxic algal blooms. Harmful algal blooms (HABS) can cause kills of living marine resources and shellfish poisoning in humans.
 Changes in species composition and biomass of the benthic (bottom-dwelling) community; eventually leading to reduced species diversity and increased dominance of gelatinous organisms such as

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