The effects of factors and their interaction and suitability of the chosen model with the response have been studied. Pharmaceutical wastewater from a large number of manufacturing units is extremely contaminated by ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic
In contrast, phosphorus is the limiting nutrient which can triggers eutrophication in freshwater. WHY IT HAPPENS
This is a factor from the agriculture that affects the eutrophication significantly. Besides the nutrients contain in the animals wastes, there are also many bacteria that affects the eutrophication. Fecal coliform and Escherichia coli are often seen in the animal wastes. When those bacteria get into the water, like many other bacteria, they will use up the oxygen in water when decomposing the dead organisms caused by algal bloom that therefore worsen the situation of eutrophication. Aquatic farming often causes the plankton bloom in the ocean surface.
Eutrophication of waters is a classic example of the impact of rapid economic development on the environment. In most cases, the primary cause of eutrophication is phosphorus, although nitrates are also a significant (and increasing) contributor in certain circumstances, particularly in saline estuaries and marine waters. Excess inputs of phosphorus, and nitrates, are contributed by nearly all sectors of economic activity – domestic, public, industrial and agricultural. Besides the main sources, such as discharges of sewage and industrial wastes and losses from agricultural activities, fish farming, forestry development and even road building and other types of land disturbance may lead to phosphorus losses to waters and consequently eutrophication on a local
When P and N discharged into lake or water bodies, its can promote eutrophication. So that both N and P must be removed to prevent oxygen deficit in water bodies. There are numerous processes that can be used to remove N and P such as Nitrification, Nitrification/denitrification, A/O , A2/O, Bardenpho, UCT, VIP, Air stripping, Breakpoint chlorination, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation. All of methods have pros and cons. The selection of appropriate method which match with the wastewater characteristic is important.
[13] Aswathy VGopal, Arun OS, Gobinath.R, ArunPrakash.C,Vijaykumar.S, T.Shanmugam, C.Nagaraj (2013)”studies on the efficiency of polyelectrolytes as coagulant Aid” ,Universal journal Of environmental Research and Technology,3(4), 458-464. [14] T. Dhanalakshmi, S. Rajendran, D. Anjanadevi. (2013). “Coagulant activity of moringaOleifera seed to removal of water turbidity and its antimicrobial activities on water borne pathogens”, Indian Journal of Applied Research ,1(5), 520-521 [15] E.Klimiuk, U. Filipkowska, B.Libecki (1999).” Coagulation of waste water containing reactive dyes with use of polyaluminium chloride (PAC),polish journal of environmental studies, 8(2), 81 -88. [16] Anurradha Mishra, MalvikaBajpai (2004).” Flocculation behavior of model textile wastewater treated with a food grade polysaccharide”, CSJM, 11(3).
“Eutrophication is an enrichment of water by nutrient salts that causes structural changes to the ecosystem such as: increased production of algae and aquatic plants, depletion of fish species, general deterioration of water quality and other effects that reduce and preclude use”. This is one of the first definitions given to the eutrophic process by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) in the 70s. Eutrophication is a serious environmental problem since it results in a deterioration of water quality and is one of the major impediments to achieving the quality objectives established by the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) at the European level. According to the Survey of the State of the World's Lakes, a project
Eutrophication is a process where a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphate. Nitrogen elements are mainly from exotic pollution while phosphate contents are from both exotic pollution and release of sediments from sewage. Eutrophication process will eventually lead to water bloom or abundance of photosynthetic microorganism present in a body of water. These two events were reported to occur in the backwater of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. In the article Functional Bacteria as Potential Indicators of Water Quality in TGR in China by Wong et.al, they made emphasized on the whole experiment process starting with the collection of bacteria samples from the surface water, bottom water, and sediments in seven locations in
Coagulation is one of the most important methods for wastewater treatment, but the main objects of coagulation are only the hydrophobic colloids and suspended particles. Flocculation is the action of polymers to form bridges between the flocs and bind the particles into large agglomerates or clumps. Once suspended particles are flocculated into larger particles, they can usually be removed or separated by filtration, straining or floatation. Today many kinds of flocculants, such as PAC, polyferricsulphate (PFS) and polyacrylamide (PAM), are widely used in the treatment of wastewater; however, it is nearly impracticable to remove heavy metal very well from wastewater directly by these current flocculants. 2.2 Ion-Exchange Method Ion
Problem caused by eutrophication Eutrophication will normally cause the excess growth of algae, plankton and many other aquatic life, which will absorb most of the nutrients and oxygen in a very short time period and eventually make the organisms in the eutrophicated area die out. In addition, it also cause problem for human living and overall society with those damages. Effects towards the environment Eutrophication is likely to cause the decrease in biodiversity, which means the number of different organism in the eutrophicated area would be getting less than before. When nutrient gets into the water, it fertilizes the plants like algae and then causes the algae blooms. When algae grows, a large amount of oxygen is used during the