Constructivist Epistemology

Introduction Theories are set of statements that seek to provide a logical explanation for how a particular phenomenon works (Ogunbameru, 2013). In sociology, theories attempt to explain human interaction and the consequences of such interactions on social life as a whole. Thus, in pursuit of this goal, sociologists come up with varying theoretical approaches in order to provide an objective explanation of the social phenomenon under study. The theoretical approaches employed by sociologists are generally categorised into three namely: micro theory, macro theory and meso theory. Micro sociological theories adopt a social process approach to the explanation of their phenomenon.

INTRODUCTION This is a key framework of sociological theory. It depend on symbols and their meaning. The words we use to describe our behaviour and the behaviour of others is very important. To elaborate further and get into detail about this theory, firstly the theory and key terms have to be defined, secondly the major proponents and tenets, thirdly the history of the theory, fourthly the purpose of the theory, fifthly the significance of the theory for social work practice, followed by the epistemology, consistency with social work values and ethics, implication of the theory, position of the theory on the population served by the social worker, strength and weakness, relevance of Intersectionality, critical perspective on contemporary issues

Charles Cooley wanted to better understand why human beings behaved the way they do. To do this, he studied the meanings humans attach to certain situations, and

Because a case study is based on real life situations, inferences drawn from the research process allow deeper understanding of how study elements influence each other. A case study approach was selected because it is impossible to separate the context of the study variables, as in this study, case study represents the best approach (Merriam, 1998). The case study is designed to explore the process and environment that affect creative thinking skills in high school students by using a Phenomenography research methodology to set up the CBL draft model.

He says that social practice has both a structural and an agency-component. Individual behavior is restricted in the structural component but at the same time makes it achievable. Giddens also talks about the social cycle. He believes that once sociologists or theorists, after detailed research, share their theories and concepts with the world

Positivism can be understood as the idea that the methods of the natural sciences should be used to study human and social matters. In this essay I will be explaining how positivism gave substance to the idea whilst paying particular attention to the role of induction and deduction. Positivism has had some influence in Education and the essay will attempt to outline and critically discuss some of these influences. The knowledge that we acquire is from observations with the aid of our senses.

Critical Thinking, Why Bother? Ian Wright (2002) ‘Critical Thinking, Why Bother?’ is a chapter from ‘Is That Right? Critical Thinking and the Social World of the Young Learner’. I selected this work due to its practical nature and applicability to my profession, primary school teaching.

Critical thinking is relevant in a few different aspects of life. For example, critical thinking can be applied to school and learning. There are people who support using different aspects of critical thinking in students curriculum. Laura Hummell said, "Critical thinking skill development is crucial in elementary schools. Students who are allowed to explore, empathize, question, hypothesize, conceptualize, experiment, and evaluate throughout their own learning become productive community members" (Hummell 5).

Thesis Statement The intentional system theory proposed by Daniel Dennett is account to explain and predict the entity’s behavior which attributes with beliefs and desires. These statements are also applied in folk psychology which human behavior is predicted and explained through the attribution of attitudes. The intentional system contains of three instances which are physical stance, design stance, and intentional stance. The intentional stance have a distinct characteristic when compared with the physical and design stances.

The constructivist grounded theory approach to ontology and epistemology is related to the traditional phenomenological method, but differs in its use of inductive methodology that has the capacity of generating systematic theory from a systematic research (Charmaz 2006). Constructivist grounded theory is a relativist ontological position that leaves behind the traditional grounded theorists' subscription to discovery of truth that emerges from data representative of a "real" reality (Charmaz 2003)). Grounded theory is focused on conceptualising what is going on in a social context using a systematic approach to research. Therefore, the use of constructivist grounded theory approach in this study is expected to shed light on the rehabilitation needs of the older Igbo people and how they are affected by existing tradition and an evolving socio-cultural

Finally, the authors point out that these accountability strategies are necessary in a comprehensive school counseling program to deliver services to students and initiate program evaluation and enhancement. This is particularly important with the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001. Assessing these students’ outcomes has prevailed in the expectation for schools and school professionals such as counselors. Having available data results from these programs will allow for further evaluation and adjustments as