METHODOLOGY
Introduction
A mixed method approach has been adopted for use in this study. The rationale for combining quantitative and qualitative approaches is to aid the generation of a broader understanding of the data collected (Creswell, 2009). While the main is quantitative (utilising experimental measures and conditions), certain quantitative tools required further support. Therefore, a number of participants were interviewed with the aim of eliciting further understanding. Mixed method approaches are commonly regarded as more robust that singular approaches, and can offset limitations associated with one approach or the other (Creswell, 2009:4). For example, quantitative researchers have a limited connection to their subjects. Conversely,
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Following this, other researchers were encouraged to use the approach. For example, some researchers combined interviews (qualitative method) with surveys (quantitative data; Sieber, 1973). Combining quantitative and qualitative research methods was primarily borne out of the aim to limitations associated with singular approaches (Jick, 1979). By the 1990s, the concept of mixing methods “…moved from seeking convergence to actually integrating or connecting the quantitative and qualitative data” (Creswell, 2009:14). In the last decade, mixed methods research has become more popular and is considered its own independent design (Tashakkori & Teddlie 2003; Creswell, 2009). Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004) consider mixed methods approaches to be especially useful in educational …show more content…
Is there any relationship between Saudi college-level EFL students’ writing competence in L2 (English) and their L1 (Arabic) writing?
2. Is there a statistically significant gain in achievement from the treatment (Arabic lessons) to post-test scores?
Why use a quantitative design?
The pre-experimental method was used for two main reasons. The first relates to the cause-and-effect relationship that may be claimed from the investigation. Using a quantitative approach “allows the researcher to focus sharply on causal relations” (Neuman, 2007:201). The second relates to the need to explore many factors potentially influencing L2 writing learning.
Independent and dependent variables
A variable in quantitative research is “a characteristic or attribute of an individual or an organization that can be measured or observed and that varies among the people or organizations being studied” (Creswell, 2009:50). Independent variables are expected to cause influence or affect other (often termed dependent) variables (Creswell, 2009). In this pre-experimental design, L1 (Arabic) writing skill is the independent variable and Saudi EFL L2 English performance is the dependent variable.
The target respondents were invited to complete the questionnaire and directed them to a brief explanation of the research. If a respondent volunteered to participate they were able to read the instructions and complete the questionnaire online from any internet-connected device. Contact details of the researcher were also provided in the initial description of the form should the respondent have any enquiry regarding the questionnaire. Data were collected on 23rd December 2015 from 8 a.m. until 8 a.am 24th December 2015. The length of time for data collection was considered ideal as it allowed a sufficient amount of time for interested respondent to participate in the study.
However A critique of all the methodologies is that they only look for what they intend and ignore other possibilities. The findings therefore support their respective perspective and must be considered only
1 Analyse the effectiveness of teaching and learning approaches used in own area of specialism in relation to meeting the individual needs of learners. In this section I will analyse the effectiveness of teaching and learning approaches used in my own area of specialism (ESOL) in relation to meeting the individual needs of learners. Teachers must incorporate a large “variety of learning approaches” into their lessons in order to cater towards the individual needs of their learners (Barron 2020c: Paragraph 1).
Psychological scientists utilize a variety of methods, which include descriptive, correlational, and experimental methods. Descriptive method uses case studies, naturalistic observations, and surveys. A case study usually focuses on an individual or a small group of individuals. A naturalistic observation usually focuses on a larger group of individuals in a natural environment. A survey is used to ask a larger group of individuals’ questions about attitudes and behavior.
Available methods To achieve accuracy and effectiveness when carrying out this research, careful consideration of the methodology is needed. To restate, carrying out this research will obtain qualitative data
When I was in the high school, I used to write a lot of essays, short research papers and presentation in three different languages. However, I was excellent just in Russian essays, while my English level was not so good. I had much more grammatical and punctuation mistakes. Also, one of my biggest problem was word order in sentences. Moreover, in my school English teachers did not require using of a proper academic writing.
The study included literature of recent origin from 2011 to 2014, related to the area of study (Ingham-Broomfield, 2011). Key words and database were not identified. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant research ethics committee (Coughlan et al., 2007). The study used a single-centre, cross-sectional survey design using a questionnaire, to collect data.
The results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference between the mean writing score for males and females (t =0.748, p =0.501) and the mean score of females (51.7) are lower than males (52.8) The null hypothesis is
Tyne uses statistics to prove her point that traditional teaching methods are ineffective (Tyne). Whereas LSSU’s article is a short and simple introduction to the three learning styles without any additional commentary on the effectiveness of any particular teaching method. Different formatting accomplishes different goals when writing to an audience and can be analyzed to determine what those goals
If one were to do more writing, surely one may become a better writer. Right? According to Lunsford, the students that participated in the study
Feminism is substantial topic in itself including many different types such as liberal, radical, Marxist and socialist. In the 1960s onwards the second wave of feminism and growth came forwards. Feminist theories are a group of related theories that share many principles that are in common and focuses on the analyzation of gender inequality. The basic principles of the feminist theory are the relationship between men and women has been unequal and oppressive, all known societies have been patriarchal and all major social institutions have been characterized by male dominance such as economy, political system, family and religion. In this essay, I will be assessing the impact of feminism has on criminology.
Past research on OI indicates that most studies have adopted one of five fundamental methods, with rare exceptions adopting nonconventional procedures for data collection and analysis (e.g. Oliver
As we use various aspects of both the methodologies, the mixed research methodology has several advantages. This methodology offers multiple ways to approach the problem faced by the researchers. Generalizing the qualitative data and analyzing the unexpected data that emerge out of the research are the key aspects of the Mixed Research Methodology. Since it infuses the qualitative and quantitative ways, data resources like case studies, articles, interviews and surveys are combined in mixed research methodology. Mixed Methodology preferred where researchers are capable to gather aspects including data research and assimilation.
“Quantitative research is conducted in a context of previous knowledge” (Polit & Beck, 2017, p. 54)., which could limit a researcher based off their amount of previous knowledge on the subject being studied. And the researcher collect data from a sample size of a population. The sample’s adequacy is assessed by its size and representativeness. (Polit & Beck, 2017). A small sample size could limit the validity of the
Secondly, a methodology that describes the collection of data included together with highlights of limitations and thirdly key findings analysed and interpreted followed by some useful recommendations. Finally some future directions for research have been