Rewriting as resistance in selected Caribbean texts. 1. Introduction (Theme, rationale, significance of study and importance of theme) Literature can be seen as a vehicle to exhibit different resistance techniques and trajectories. Various works of literature reflect the human endeavour to resist the dominant ideologies and assert the marginal doctrine. Such efforts are vocalised in novels, prose, plays and poetries of various renowned writers and critics. Resistance as a concept has gained tremendous momentum in recent years in literature and critical studies. Not only has it become more exposed and articulated, but it has also evolved over the period of time. Post-structuralism has brought an epistemological shift in the very conception of resistance. Right from its definition, meaning, and execution, post-structuralist resistance differs from the traditional concept of resistance. Traditional / Marxist conception sees resistance as against power. So, the avenue for social change or resistance is overthrowing the dominating class. Resistance is seen as a collective, oppositional, and organised attempt of a frontal attack. In opposition, post-structuralist concept sees resistance as fragmented and constructed. Resistance is seen not as against power, but imbricated within it. Rather than a frontal attack, resistance is about disrupting institutions and normalisations. Also, resistance is not always seen as revolutionary and progressive, but on a unitary,
Some examples of the forms include, defiance leading to advancements, as many individuals in a given situation push forward by resisting the opposition's unruly methods to becoming victorious. Similarly, outlasting negative situations with other individuals may strengthen bonds made, in both terms of time and dependability, as the people in the situation may grow closer overall. Lastly, non-compliance with the opposition's goals may give the defier more power as it leads them to give no satisfaction to the other individuals. In modern society, defiance is crucial for bettering the communities made, as it guides the individuals concerned to confrontation, leading that to becoming the idea to surpass the bais an expectations which humankind may have placed on the
The idea of change is to make development, or advance toward a better future; however, to create change, society tend to fall under bloodshed. The American Revolution was a step to freedom, but the cause for independence has killed thousands of innocent lives. The result was seen again in the Civil War when the abolishment of slavery ended in destruction. The Revolution and Civil War might differ for whom they’re fighting for, but are similar with their use of violent. Understanding that violent is never the answer, Cesar Chavez, a labor union organizer and civil rights leader, seek a better approach to create change.
Though, Revolution can be viewed in different context also, with religion limiting who and what can be accomplished
Michelle Cliff’s short story Down the Shore conspicuously deals with a particularly personal and specific, deeply psychological experience, in order to ultimately sub-textually create a metaphor regarding a wider issue of highly social nature. More specifically, the development of the inter-dependent themes of trauma, exploitation, as well as female vulnerability, which all in the case in question pertain to one single character, also latently extend over to the wider social issue of colonialism and its entailing negative repercussions, in this case as it applies to the Caribbean and the British Empire. The story’s explicit personal factor is developed through the literary techniques of repetition, symbolism, metaphor, as well as slightly warped albeit telling references to a distinct emotional state, while its implicit social factor is suggested via the techniques of allusion, so as to ultimately create a generally greater, undergirding metaphor.
Once the citizens start to feel oppressed, a change in the law becomes essential to preserve their freedom. To do so, citizens must rally together and protest until the issue has been remedied. The process of peacefully and nonviolently resisting laws considered unjust in order
"Tapping the Roots of Power" and "An Active Technique of Struggle" are two chapters where Gene Sharp, analyzes how power is continuously interchangeable amongst the oppressed which are usually minorities and their oppressors which usually are symbolized by people of power. In both chapters, Sharp in great detail gives the reader many scenarios in which oppressed groups through civil disobedience fight against their oppressors, usually leading to victory which resembles freedom and liberation. Although oppressed groups have a great deal to loose, their constant struggling motivates them to fight against the oppressor and regain their liberty and rights back. Once minorities start to challenge authority, their obedience is lost. Once this happens,
And it is based on historical examples like these that I come to my conclusion that peaceful resistances are an essential part of any healthy, free
They also consider it as a way for recover their culture which is Contaminated by means of outside influences. In other words, we can say that resistance literature is a way in which the repressed spirit find itself. In addition, colonized people find in it a way for fight and speak as they can not speak nor fight. It is a good way to defense and get all their rights. In resistance literature, the author does not need a specific shape in writing as it is just a way for expressing pain and insurgence so it has different sorts and it is not necessary to be presented in a specific way.
She achieves her aim in highlighting that the prohibitive laws which reduce people like her to mere sexual bodies is a psycho-social remnant of the colonial past. She addresses a number of audiences within the piece, including the human rights community, the governments of both her native Trinidad and Tobago and The Bahamas, and by extension all citizens of the Caribbean and wider world who have been disenfranchised by laws that diminish their humanity and highlight their perceived iniquity. The implication of her essay is clear: if not just any body can be a citizen, the democracy which we have set up is in need of some adjustment. It relates to us because it reminds us that for every time we deny any body rights, we have failed to live up to the principles on which are postcolonial societies are supposed to be
The effects of colonialism are intergenerational, this story exposes the raw feelings of victims of colonization and the internalization of racist ideologies that often occurs as a result of Caribbean history being wrongly painted. Conforming to the standards of society is often easier than bearing the challenges associated with being an outlier; however, conformity leads to resentment and hatred. Cynthia chooses to conform to society's standards of white supremacy, which results in her discarding her own body for the figure of a white woman. Unfortunately, Cynthia begins to form a deep hatred for herself and her culture which her parents and strangers are subjected to.
In the short story “Blackness” by Jamaica Kincaid, the narrator’s consciousness develops through a process of realization that she does not have to choose between the culture imposed on her and her authentic heritage. First, the narrator explains the metaphor “blackness” for the colonization her country that fills her own being and eventually becomes one with it. Unaware of her own nature, in isolation she is “all purpose and industry… as if [she] were the single survivor of a species” (472). Describing the annihilation of her culture, the narrator shows how “blackness” replaced her own culture with the ideology of the colonizers.
Rebellion being a key catalyst for change is proven with Montag breaking the rules. The text states, “There were people in the suction train but he held the book in his hands and the silly thought came to him, if you read fast and read all, maybe some of the sand will stay in the sieve. But he read and the words fell through, and he thought, in a
The author’s antithesis embedded in the anaphora, “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere,” illustrates how crucial it is to battle injustice so that justice is not harmed (King). King does not want to threaten the justices in the nation through his protests, but rather the injustices in the nation. The general truth in the aphorism effects ethos by stating that the people’s justices will be endangered if injustices are not dealt with soon. The antithesis in the statement highlights that, while there are reasonable laws, there are also unreasonable laws that must be confronted in order to keep the nation in peace. Inequality is not felt by just those who are subjugated.
Also, the narrative showed up the resistance of Douglass which was demonstrated in his meeting with Edward Covey. The nonviolent resistance was decisive for him in acquiring manhood. Frederick Douglass had many qualities such as the patience, the courage and the endurance. Even when things and situations became very diificult for him and his fellow slaves, he had a noteworthy ability to hide and point his anger to the right side and the good way of resistance distinguished by maturity and wisdom.
(3). There will always be resistance against anything forced upon it’s citizens in any world. Harrison Bergeron is an example of this. With resistance to rules, there will always be someone to impose those rules such as “…the Handicapper General, a women named Diana Glampers.”