External Factors Of Infertility

What causes male infertility? Of the many reasons, there are 4 significant reasons which cause male infertility. A hypothalamic or pituitary disorder (1-2%) Gonad disorder (30-40%) Sperm transport disorder (10-20%) Unknown causes (40-50%) Even to date male infertility research is being done to figure out the reason for some of the unknown causes. Male infertility mainly results due to the low sperm count, less sperms in the ejaculation and even premature ejaculation etc. Sperm count tends be low and abnormal for two main reasons.

Infertility may play havoc in a couple’s life who want to have their biological child and even it can drive the couple to see themselves as a failure to be fruitful and multiply. Based on World Health Organization (WHO), about 8-10% of couples in industrialised countries have reproductive problem. However, since science always develop day by day lead to even impossible thing sometimes can be possible for example reproductive problem nowadays can be overcome by In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), Intra-uterine Insemination (IUI) and and many more. IVF is such a double edged sword (Amit Kumar Banerjee,2006). After the birth of first baby through IVF, Louise Brown in1978, the famous philosopher, Mary Warnock said that it is important for the public

Certain types of birth control. Women who use diaphragms for birth control may be at higher risk, as well as women who use spermicidal agents. Menopause. After menopause, a decline in circulating estrogen causes changes in the urinary tract that make you more vulnerable to infection. Other risk factors for UTIs include: Urinary tract abnormalities.

Infertility in women is defined as the inability to become pregnant after one year of unprotected sexual intercourse. This can be caused by multiple factors, specifically age or anomalies within the female genetalia. On the one hand, infertility through age is the most common form of infertility, since all women are born with finite numbers of ova which decrease in amount over the years. For example, according to Wallace, Hamish B., and Thomas W. Kelsey, women only possess 12% of their initial amount of ova by the age of 30, and the figure decreases rapidly until menopause. Therefore it is evident that infertility due to age is caused solely due to the decreasing amount of ova in the ovaries, which in turn decreases the probability of fertilization.

(1) The eight social devices were personal ideals, public opinion, law, belief, education, art, illusions, and bugaboos. There were three popular bugaboos which were first termed by Hollingworth (1916) as false ideas or beliefs held by society that were created by medical men. The first was that if pregnancy was delayed until the age of 30, it was more painful and hard. Thus prompting women to have babies at an earlier age. The second stated that women who do bear children live longer opposed to women who don’t.

GENERAL Men with diabetes are prone to erectile dysfunction Among 35 to 75 % of people suffering from ED have been diagnosed with diabetes Erectile dysfunction is commonly caused due to progression of age in normal males but it occurs 10 - 15 years earlier in men with diabetes Normal erectile function occurs on the basis of various mechanisms such as: *desire for his sexual partner (libido) *proper circulation of blood from iliac artery into corpora cavernosa for erection and penile rigidity *proper discharge of sperm and seminal fluid through his urethra A person is diagnosed with ED if he is unable to achieve or sustain an erection for sexual intercourse CLASSIFICATION Male Erectile Dysfunction is broadly classified into two categories :

People born with Trisomy 21 are also more likely to be born with heart defects. Congenital heart disease affects almost half of the babies born with Down syndrome. CHD can lead to high blood pressure in the lungs, the heart not able to pump blood to throughout the body, and cyanosis, which is blue-tinted skin because of the lack of oxygen in the skin. Down syndrome also affects the immune system and makes it much harder for the immune system to fight off infections. People with Down syndrome are twelve times more likely to die from an infection than somebody without it.

Conservative sources will emphasize the fact that the majority of high schoolers are still virgins, but this majority is made up by a thin margin, and in reality this fact means nearly half of the US student population is sexually active. The likelihood of an effective abstinence only sex ed is statistically improbable in this day and age, given the fact that more than 80% of 19 year olds have already become sexually active (Source A). This statistic can be paired with the fact that the average marriage age is 26.5 years old for women and nearly 30 years old for men. Abstinence only policies may have seemed like a strong idea many years ago, when the concept of sex ed was just being formed, but now society’s morals have shifted. Years ago, when a girl became pregnant out of marriage, she had no other option than to get married, give up on her dreams, and raise her child.

Document E talks about the consequences women have to go through if they have an extra child. Women who do not go through with the policy are forced to have an early abortion or sterilization which is against their Human Rights. Accordingly to Document E after 1986 gender imbalance in china has been increasing drastically. Because of this China has 32 million more boys than girls under the age of 20. Because of this gender-imbalance there has been labor-shortages in many factories.

There are studies that show that women who donate for financial reasons could possible regret their decision to donate afterwards. • Justice: Because of the current shortage of egg donors, the fertility treatments are subject to distributive injustice. Approximately 1.000 pregnancies per year are produced thanks to donor eggs, although there are many pregnancies that should be postponed until a donor becomes available. Women with higher financial possibilities are more likely to receive treatment with donated eggs than women of lower socio-economic levels, which leads to ethical conflicts. The injustice may also occur in the management of the needs, rights and obligations involved in egg donation.