Extinction And Functional Analysis
11. What is extinction? (1 point) Discuss the relationship between procedural form and function with regards to extinction. (1 point)
ANSWER HERE.
Extinction is the result of stopping reinforcement contingent on a problem behavior leading to lower or zero rates of that behavior. According to Iwata et al. (1994) topographically similar but functionally dissimilar responses present important differences when designing treatment programs. In the case of extinction procedures specifically, it was found that the intervention must match the function of the behavior or it will have little to no effect. Additionally, a behavior change program that is not based on the function may be counter therapeutic resulting in an increase of the problem behavior
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What type of procedure is a functional communication training procedure? (1 point) Describe the steps to FCT. (2 points)
ANSWER HERE.
Functional communication training, developed by Carr and Durand (1985a), is a procedure based on differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA). As such, after the function of a problem behavior has been determined, the reinforcer is provided for an alternative behavior determined to be more socially appropriate.
The steps to FCT as described in Tiger et al. (2008) progress through three stages. The first stage is to conduct a functional analysis to determine the reinforcer that is maintaining the problem behavior. The second stage is when that reinforcer is reassigned to a behavior that is more socially acceptable through teaching a communicative response. The communicative response can be verbal, picture based, gestures, assistive technology, or any combination of methods. The final stage is to develop and implement a treatment program across caregivers and settings.
14. What is a “transfer in stimulus control,” (1 point) and what could be happening if stimulus control fails? (2
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An echoic verbal operant is one that relates to vocal imitation. It is a single instance of verbal behavior that repeats the verbal behavior of another person.
18. While working for a school system, a teacher informs you that she will in no way implement a punishment procedure in her classroom. How would you respond to this? How could you talk about punishment procedures in a way that might make it easier for her to accept their use, and what research could you reference to make your point? (2 points)
ANSWER HERE.
To respond to the teacher that tells me that she will in no way implement punishment procedures in her classroom I would refer her to Lerman and Vorndran (2002) study which states that the use of punishment procedures may be critical to the success of a treatment program if the function of the problem behavior cannot be identified. Furthermore, I would also mention that punishment may be necessary if the behavior that is taking place in her classroom has the possibility of physical harm to the specific student or others. I would also talk about punishment procedures such as techniques like time-out which are commonly used by parents and would be readily accepted by the parents for use in the
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