2.1 A Brief History of Motivation Research To support the fact that motivation is an important issue and there have been much research conducted; this subchapter offers a brief overview of motivation definition , types of motivation and importance in second language learning. Also, it will briefly touch on the factors that affect motivation in second language learning.
2.1.1Definitions of Motivation There are many different definitions of motivation, especially in language learning. Harmer (1991, p.3) explains the meaning of motivation as the “internal drive” that pushes somebody to do something. If we think that our goal is worth doing and attractive for us, then we try to reach that goal; this is called “the action driven by motivation”.
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Intrinsic motivation refers to learning itself having its own reward (Arnold, 2000, p. 14). It means the learners are willingly and voluntarily (not compulsorily) try to learn what they think it is worth or important for them. When students have intrinsic motivation, they have the internal desire to learn and they do not have the need for external outcomes. There are no negative impacts in having intrinsic motivation. In addition, intrinsic motivation pushes the student to learn without rewards, because the need is innate or come from inside or depends on their own will. Lightbown and Spada (1999, p. 56-57) mentioned that teachers do not have many effects on students’ intrinsic motivation since the students are from different backgrounds and the only way to motivate students is by making the classroom a supportive …show more content…
4), four factors can be dangerous to the learners’ motivation, are the following: 1. Physical condition which means the atmosphere in class. For example if student have to study in the bad lighting classroom , overcrowded with too many students , have to look at the small board, or in the unpleasant smell classroom, they can lose their motivation or their motivation in learning will be lowered. 2. Method of teaching which refers to the way that students are taught must affect their motivation. Whenever the learners feel bored at the teacher’s method, their motivation would likely be lost or gradually decreased. As he said, “If the students loses confidence in the method, they will become de-motivated” (Harmer, 1991, p. 5) 908 3. The teachers as the most powerful variable of motivation and de-motivation, can become a major part in de-motivating the learners. 4. Success refers to the appropriate level of challenge designed by the teachers. If the difficulty of work and activity is too high or too low, it can lead students to a de-motivated situation in learning. As Harmer pointed out, to give high challenge activities may have a negative effect on motivation. Students can also equally be de-motivated by too low level of challenge. From Krashen’s affective filter hypothesis (as cited in Lightbown and Spada, 1999, p. 39), emotional states such as tiredness, depression, boredom, etc obstruct the learning process of the students. Anxiety becomes a
Sir John A. Macdonald was a saviour he controlled motivation. He declined to be paid off by the Brits or harassed by the Americans. He exited with liberal concessions and the swap cleared from the table. Macdonald knew Canada must develop or be gone and the main way was west on rails. Without the railroad, British Columbia could join the United States and the United States could, as its Manifest Destiny announced, take the prairies.
Intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for it own sake and the joy received from it. Extrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for some external reward, such as money or food. Between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, there are five levels of motivation, differing by their level of self-determination. First is amotivation, in which an athlete has no extrinsic or intrinsic reasons for continuing their sport or activity. Next, external regulation refers to an athlete performing an activity to fulfil an external demand or for an external reward, such as a paycheck.
I had made something of value” (Rose, 1989, p. 9). He had met his teacher’s expectation and that made him feel accomplished. On the other hand, if a teacher expects very little from their students, the students will slack on their assignments and tests and become lazy, knowing they will not be
Educational Self-Analysis As students the people who we surround ourselves with have a profound effect with our motivational level. Our surroundings can emotionally impact our life for the better or worse. By reading the article “Brainology” by Carol Dweck has also showed me the mindset I have and reflect on the way I view education. like most Parents, my Parents want to see me succeed in school since they did not have the chance to do so themselves.
It’s not developmentally appropriate for them to work so hard,” says Gwadz, one of the authors of the recent study. It 's been proven that stress can be the very thing motivates a student to do better, but a surplus of anything can be too much for a single person. Too much stress and too much work can push any student to their breaking point, where they feels there 's no outlet besides giving it all
If people can’t do something, for sure they will tell you can’t do it too. And if you want something, go and get it. (Will Smith Movie Quotes That Will Motivate You Through Adversity, n.d.). Motivation can further divided into two subtypes which are intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is the motivation that comes from inner side of one self and urges him in doing something no matter what is the external reward given.
An effective teacher is likely to switch and mix new approaches to suit the objectives of the unit of work or lesson. As objectives vary within a lesson, the effective teacher will move between different teaching approaches or methods. The teacher begins by deciding what he or she wishes to achieve and then chooses the most appropriate method of realizing those objectives. By injecting pedagogical approach to teaching, students can have a better chance and can engage to physical education and sports.
Psychologists have noted the significance of motivation in education because of the existing relationship between motivation and new learning skills, strategies and behavior [14]. According to Goral, factors such as the desire to solve problems, or interest in problem-solving skills, motivation and desire to succeed, a desire to please the teacher, etc., are all among the factors affecting problem-solving skills [15]. Adair believes that creative thinking improves in an environment where double motivation, feedback and constructive criticism (Creative Environment), exists [16]. According to Wertheimer, Mayer says: Facing difficulties, some people come up with smart ideas and offer creative solutions. However, it should be noted that it is not enough to solely focus on teaching problem-solving skills.
In so doing, the students will have the need for achievement as the dominant motivating driver and thus will result in the tendency to accomplish assignments. In addition, the both students and teachers should identify the factors that result in dissatisfaction and try to eliminate them while at the same time embracing those that lead to
Motivation is essential for a group as well as an organization. In the eyes of the leader of organization McDonald’s, authorizing and inspiring staff members to do the best in their job and they’re capable of helps create job satisfaction, lowering gross revenue in an industry that has a standing for stimulating its employees. In addition, a glad, stable workforce not just conveys better customer service; it is likewise more compelling at building deals and attracting repeat business. There are five concentrate benefits of employee motivation which Mc Donald’s approached at: 1. Improved Productivity 2.
Different people have different problems. These include personal life, mental state, or parental problems (see Figure 2 below). Study skills cannot teach the student how to avoid these problems. The student needs to learn to be motivated because if there is motivation the student will be more confident. Also, he needs to study in a good environment to be psychologically comfortable because when the student feels free and happy, he can do his best to get good grades.
Motivation at school is an important factor because our learners are young and what they need is an experienced person, a facilitator or a motivator who is going to lead them towards the road of success. Since, they are inexperienced they will have to be trained to become mentally, physically and emotionally strong. In relation to Physical Education, Motivation is the key for successful teaching and learning to take place. It can be said that winning things can be very important because if an athlete keeps on training and there is no positive results, then this can affect the mental status. This is why extrinsic motivation is important.
Introduction In today’s business, maximization of profits represents the principal feature of business operations. In order to achieve the highest profits, companies have to manage their human resources effectively. Thus, employee’s motivation has emerged as a critical component, it holds the key to the success of a company. Therefore, human resource managers must motivate their employees to let them perform to their best and achieve the organizational goals.
The variables are reflected with different representation. In the first three variables (ability, motivation, and age) reflect characteristics of the student. The fourth and fifth variables reflect instruction (quantity and quality), and the final four variables (classroom climate, home environment, peer group, and exposure to media) represent aspects of the psychological environment. He explained that these variables has a certain effects that might cause problems with the academic performance of students if it will not be properly guided. Giving importance with a certain variable can mean a big impact with the student’s academic performance.
By adopting these several motivational strategies in the classroom will affect the enthusiasm of the students in a positive way, thus promoting and sustaining