Eysenck's Personality Traits

Life-span development and behavior, 10, 105-150. Chase-Landsdale , a professor of Human Development and Social Policy from Northwestern University, and Hetherington, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia focuses on the short term effect implications of divorce for children from the standpoint of a crisis model. Age differences, marital conflict, and altered parenting, are the factors affecting it. They claim that long term adjustment on children is related to age and gender. However, due to the lack of studies, the long term effects remain

Introduction There have been a variety of studies, which have established how disruptions to attachment and bonding can negatively effect on emotional and psychological development. Family separation and loss experiences have been clearly identified as a risk factor for mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. Way of thinking, temperament and experiences all things play important roles, children who have had broken up relationships with primary caregivers are more likely to have compromised mental health. Separation and loss can be traumatic and its impact depends on the situation of the separation or loss. The work of Van der Kolk (1996) and others (Glaser, 1998) also work on the effect of attachment on mental health ,time addition ,situation ,or conflict between child r care giver, sometimes effect psychological and biologically.

Olga Khazan, author of No Spanking, No Time Out, No Problem, writes about her interview with child Psychologist, Alan Kazdin. During the interview, Kazdin really goes into child psychology, and how typical and popular parenting methods may not prove effective on children anymore. Both Khazan and Kazdin attempt to tap into the emotions of existing parents, or parents-to-be, by giving scenarios and examples of child behavior and personal experiences. One may definitely notice throughout the text that author, Khazan, attempts to manipulate with the way that she writes. Khazan dives deep into one side of the psychology of children and the effects that discipline may have on children.

The degree of anxiety in this family can be determined by the current levels of external stress and the sensitivities to particular themes that are transmitted through the generations. If the family members cannot think through their responses to relationship dilemmas, a state of chronic anxiety may be set in place. According to Brown (1999. ), the primary goal of family systems therapy is to reduce constant tension by enabling knowledge and awareness of how the emotional system functions; and by improving levels of differentiation, where the aim is to make changes for the self rather than on trying to change others. As per Richardson, Gilleard, Lieberman, and Peeler (1994), The short-term goal is to foster better relationships between family members of the different generations by understanding the family system with its rules and balances of power and to mobilize the system by reconstruing these rules and having the family observe its own

Miranda Rawson Effects of a Hurtful Family Environment What role does an environment play when it is hurtful, and how important is affection in family satisfaction? In this paper I will begin by discussing what environment may be considered hurtful and how affection plays a role in environments and family satisfaction. As well as how environments and affection are affected in relationships outside the family. Finally, I will also discuss the results of the study by Hesse, Rauscher, Roberts, & Ortega, (2014). Hurtful environments are any type of environment that may cause distressing conditions.

Child abuse is, thus, the outcome of having cultured or experienced dysfunctional childcare practices, or not having learned these practices. For instance, someone may have violent behavior because he or she has learned it from other aggressive role models, thus they will rely on such ways to discipline their own children as punishment. Though this is theory takes into accounts the importance of the development of an adult, it could not explain why although boys and girls are likely to be abused, still men are mostly represented among the offenders. It could not suffer any abuse become abuser (CORBY, 1993; 2000; BROUGHAM, 1997; BROWNE, 1995; DEACON AND GOCKE,

In an effort to understand the experiences of mothers raising children with Cerebral palsy more especially after the diagnosis, the Double ABCX model will be utilized as a framework to provide such understanding. This model is based on the family stress theory and adaptation (Plunkett, 1997). 2.4.1. OVERVIEW OF THE DOUBLE ABCX MODEL OF FAMILY STRESS The original ABCX Model was developed by a sociologist named Reuben Hill in 1958. According to Plunkett (1997) the ABCX model proposed that variation in the extent to which families and their members experience what he termed ‘’crisis’’ (the X factor) that resulted from family stress, depended upon a combination of the particular details of the stressor event (the A factor), the social, psychological

It has emphasized on the process which the child learns antisocial behavior through parents-child exchanges and how families train children to be antisocial through coercive cycle. Coercive cycle happens when parents put demands on children in a negative and aggressive way and child learns to avoid the demands through a process of negative reinforcement (Krol, Morton, & Bruyn, 2004). Through repeating this cycle, coercive behavior become an internalized, learnt and automatic pattern for children to gain control over the unpleasant or chaotic situation. Over a long period, children will progress from displaying coercive behavior in family and revealing similar patterns with other people in other situations or engaging in social behavior such as stealing, lying or aggression. As coercive behavior gets reinforced, children will bring them into middle childhood, in this time children will have trouble with meeting the demands of school and will lead to poor academic results, which will again reinforce the cycle (Patterson, 1982).

This essay will now look more specifically at the findings that have emerged which both support and challenge the relevance of Bowlby’s theory. To understand the behaviour of children and adolescence it is crucial to look at Mary Ainsworth’s findings; she showed that Bowlby’s concepts could be empirically tested. Ainsworth provided a stimulus for the immense amount of research that is continuing to develop the theory. Ainsworth’s Strange Situation studies (1970’s), where babies were separated from their mothers and styles of attachment were categorised based on the babies reactions to separation, were central in developing Bowlby’s attachment theory. Depending on the style of attachment, behaviour would be understood and even predicted.

The Penn Center Guide to Bioethics, 159-169. Makenzius, M., Tyden, T., Darj, E., & Larsson, M. (2013, September). Autonomy and Dependence - Experiences of Home Abortion Contraception and Prevention. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27, 569-579. Moffic, S. H. (2004).