Eysenck's Personality Traits

Chase-Landsdale , a professor of Human Development and Social Policy from Northwestern University, and Hetherington, a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia focuses on the short term effect implications of divorce for children from the standpoint of a crisis model. Age differences, marital conflict, and altered parenting, are the factors affecting it. They claim that long term adjustment on children is related to age and gender. However, due to the lack of studies, the long term effects remain

Introduction There have been a variety of studies, which have established how disruptions to attachment and bonding can negatively effect on emotional and psychological development. Family separation and loss experiences have been clearly identified as a risk factor for mental health problems in childhood and adulthood. Way of thinking, temperament and experiences all things play important roles, children who have had broken up relationships with primary caregivers are more likely to have compromised mental health. Separation and loss can be traumatic and its impact depends on the situation of the separation or loss. The work of Van der Kolk (1996) and others (Glaser, 1998) also work on the effect of attachment on mental health ,time addition ,situation ,or conflict between child r care giver, sometimes effect psychological and biologically.

Olga Khazan, author of No Spanking, No Time Out, No Problem, writes about her interview with child Psychologist, Alan Kazdin. During the interview, Kazdin really goes into child psychology, and how typical and popular parenting methods may not prove effective on children anymore. Both Khazan and Kazdin attempt to tap into the emotions of existing parents, or parents-to-be, by giving scenarios and examples of child behavior and personal experiences. One may definitely notice throughout the text that author, Khazan, attempts to manipulate with the way that she writes. Khazan dives deep into one side of the psychology of children and the effects that discipline may have on children.

If the family members cannot think through their responses to relationship dilemmas, a state of chronic anxiety may be set in place. According to Brown (1999.), the primary goal of family systems therapy is to reduce constant tension by enabling knowledge and awareness of how the emotional system functions; and by improving levels of differentiation, where the aim is to make changes for the self rather than on trying to change others. As per Richardson, Gilleard, Lieberman, and Peeler (1994), The short-term goal is to foster better relationships between family members of the different generations by understanding the family system with its rules and balances of power and to mobilize the system by reconstruing these rules and having the family observe its own

Miranda Rawson Effects of a Hurtful Family Environment What role does an environment play when it is hurtful, and how important is affection in family satisfaction? In this paper I will begin by discussing what environment may be considered hurtful and how affection plays a role in environments and family satisfaction. As well as how environments and affection are affected in relationships outside the family. Finally, I will also discuss the results of the study by Hesse, Rauscher, Roberts, & Ortega, (2014).

Child abuse is, thus, the outcome of having cultured or experienced dysfunctional childcare practices, or not having learned these practices. For instance, someone may have violent behavior because he or she has learned it from other aggressive role models, thus they will rely on such ways to discipline their own children as punishment. Though this is theory takes into accounts the importance of the development of an adult, it could not explain why although boys and girls are likely to be abused, still men are mostly represented among the offenders. It could not suffer any abuse become abuser (CORBY, 1993; 2000; BROUGHAM, 1997; BROWNE, 1995; DEACON AND GOCKE,

In an effort to understand the experiences of mothers raising children with Cerebral palsy more especially after the diagnosis, the Double ABCX model will be utilized as a framework to provide such understanding. This model is based on the family stress theory and adaptation (Plunkett, 1997). 2.4.1. OVERVIEW OF THE DOUBLE ABCX MODEL OF FAMILY STRESS The original ABCX Model was developed by a sociologist named Reuben Hill in 1958.

It has emphasized on the process which the child learns antisocial behavior through parents-child exchanges and how families train children to be antisocial through coercive cycle. Coercive cycle happens when parents put demands on children in a negative and aggressive way and child learns to avoid the demands through a process of negative reinforcement (Krol, Morton, & Bruyn, 2004). Through repeating this cycle, coercive behavior become an internalized, learnt and automatic pattern for children to gain control over the unpleasant or chaotic situation. Over a long period, children will progress from displaying coercive behavior in family and revealing similar patterns with other people in other situations or engaging in social behavior such as stealing, lying or aggression. As coercive behavior gets reinforced, children will bring them into middle childhood, in this time children will have trouble with meeting the demands of school and will lead to poor academic results, which will again reinforce the cycle (Patterson, 1982).

This essay will now look more specifically at the findings that have emerged which both support and challenge the relevance of Bowlby’s theory. To understand the behaviour of children and adolescence it is crucial to look at Mary Ainsworth’s findings; she showed that Bowlby’s concepts could be empirically tested. Ainsworth provided a stimulus for the immense amount of research that is continuing to develop the theory. Ainsworth’s Strange Situation studies (1970’s), where babies were separated from their mothers and styles of attachment were categorised based on the babies reactions to separation, were central in developing Bowlby’s attachment theory. Depending on the style of attachment, behaviour would be understood and even predicted.

Autonomy and Dependence - Experiences of Home Abortion Contraception and Prevention. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27, 569-579. Moffic, S. H. (2004). Managed Behavioral Healthcare Poses Multiple Ethical Challenges for Clinicians.

Dearden & Becker (2004) identified that the responsibilities exhibited by young carers depends upon the nature of the illness, which can include physical, mental, learning or sensory disabilities. Many researchers identify general caring responsibilities to include emotional support, domestic care, both looking after the adult and other siblings (Michail and Smyth:2010) However, as Becker and Aldridge (2003) highlighted the importance of establishing whether those caring for parental mental illnesses have distinct and particular needs. Similarly, Cox and Pakenham (2014) conducted research into measurement and structure of a measure called the Young Carer of Parents Inventory (YCOPI). The results suggest that there is a considerable difference in caregiving experiences within the range of young carers who were accessed by the YCOPI-A.

The study also found that positive parenting may moderate children’s association with intimate partner violence. The results from this study show that it is imperative that parents practice positive parenting and children not be exposed to situations where violence or abuse take places because these can cause profound effects on children psychologically, whether it is dealing with stress, coping with trauma, perceiving threats, hyperarousal, avoidance, fear, security, interpersonal relationships, and negative self-attributions. All of these things can follow and often do follow children into adulthood. Also, children may repeat the same cycle they experienced with their own

The proposed research is designed to create a questionnaire for researchers and practitioners to use to assess an Adoptee’s experience of oppression resulting from their adoption status. This questionnaire is derived from the current research on Adoption Microaggression themes found in earlier research conducted by Baden (2015); Garber and Grotevant (2015); Garber (2014); and Harrington et al (2010). This study attempts to confirm earlier research on the themes of adolescent adoptee’s experiences and if any of these themes continue on into the adult adoptee’s experience. Specifically using Sue et al’s (2007) microaggression framework this questionnaire can be used to understand the adult adoptee’s experiences or perceptions of oppression that

& Kelley, SD.M. (2008) Early Trauma and Subsequent Antisocial Behavior in Adults. Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention, 8(4):294-303; doi:10.1093/brief-treatment/mhn016 Ju, C. I. (2014). Effectiveness of teaching in expressive arts therapy-emotionally traumatized preschool children.