Faba Bean In Egypt

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is considered the main leguminous crop grown in Egypt. It is grown for dry seed and fresh consumption. It is an important legume crop due to its high nutritive value in both energy and protein contents. At the same time faba bean offers ecosystem services such as renewable inputs of nitrogen into crops and soil via biological ambient N2 fixation (Jensen et al., 2010). Production of faba bean in Egypt is still limited and fails to face the drastic increasing of local consumption, this is related to the cultivated area of faba bean in Egypt is relatively small and decreased dramatically in the last decade. According to the Ministry of Agriculture Statistics, faba bean showed decrease in both area and production. In 2007,

The primary benefit of the tea will be a supply of soluble nutrients, which can be used as a liquid fertilizer. Also, the suppressive activity of different compost types toward several plant pathogens is well documented in the recent review of Litterick et al. (2004). Edwards et al. (2006) reported that transition from synthetic fertilization to compost tea may be feasible because much of the environmental pollution was happened in recent years. Also, tea produced from compost manure suppressed plant disease. Enteshari et al. (2012) mentioned that excessive use of fertilizers disturb the ecological balance and biological environment and also has caused many environmental hazards. However, using of organic compost reduces the negative effects of chemical fertilizer and improves water retention and enhances soil

These are natural organic polyelectrolytes present in the soil humus and stabilized soil organic matter. These molecules have ecological importance, as they intervene in the regulation of a large number of chemical and biological processes that occur in the natural ecosystems (Chen et al., 2004). Humic and fulvic acids are the main parts of humic substances and have a high value for soil fertility and plant growth in agricultural crops. It comprises 65-70 % of the organic matter in soils. There is a world-wide acceptance that humic and fulvic acids are a vital part of their fertilizer program. It can be applied directly to the plant foliage in liquid form or to the soil in the form of granules or solution (Osman et al., 2013). Fulvic acid is soluble in strong acid solutions (pH = 1). An oxygen-to-carbon ratio greater than 0.5-1 indicates more acidic character than in other organic fractions of humic acid. Its structure is best characterized as a loose assembly of aromatic organic polymers with many carboxyl groups (COOH) that release hydrogen ions, resulting in species that have electric charges at various sites on the ion. The major functional groups of humic acids include carboxyles, phenolic hydroxyls, alcoholic hydroxyls, ketones, and quinones (Russo and Berlyn, 1990).