Factors Affecting Potato Production In Potato
CHAPITER II: ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AFFECTING POTATO PRODUCTION
Introduction
Originally potatoes are considered cool season crop that grows well under cool environmental conditions (Martin, Leonard & Stamp, 1976:10). Temperature, photoperiod and water supply are the most important abiotic factors affecting production and yield of potatoes (Steyn, 2008)
2.1. Temperature and Day light
Potato is grown as a summer crop in the hills and as a winter crop in the tropical and subtropical regions (Dalziel, 1995: 24), this plant has long been classified as a short-day, cool-season crop, but does very well at high temperatures when water is supplied in uniform quantities sufficient to cover water losses through evapotranspiration (DAFF, 2013). Planting of potato into soil of proper temperature is crucial to ensure a healthy stand of potatoes. If planting of fresh cut seed is done, the temperature range of about 13ºC-16°C will allow a fast healing of fresh cut seeds and encourages quick emergence by also reducing decay risk of seeds (Delanoy et al., 2003).
The optimal soil and atmospheric temperature for successful potato production range are between 16ºC-19ºC and 21°C-26ºC respectively. Vegetative growth and tuber development are best between 20°C-26°C. The minimum temperature at growing season being 6°C-18°C, with 10°C-15°C as optimal temperature for harvesting (Martin, Leonard & Stamp, 1976:10).
At high soil and atmospheric temperature, the risk of microbial rot, tuber
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