Menstrual Disorders
Anatomy of the Female reproductive system
The anatomy of the female reproductive system has been shown in following diagram. For better understanding of diseases described in this chapter, it is vital to acquire knowledge of the reproductive system.
Fig: Anatomy of the female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of following structures:
1. Vulva: It constitutes the external sex organ.
2. Vagina. It is fibro-muscular tube attached to the cervix above and continuous with the vulva below. The vaginal secretion is in negligible amount in healthy state of the body. The pH of the vagina is about 4.5 and it is due to presence of lactic acid. Urethra lies in front of vagina
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Menopause (climacteric) is the cessation of a women’s reproductive period of life, characterized by cessation of the menstruation.
Anartva (Amenorrhea)
Cause: Amenorrhea is absence of menstruation after the usual age of puberty and before the menopause. The process can be temporary or permanent. Amenorrhea that occurs during pregnancy and lactation is known as physiological amenorrhea.
Diseased state is known as pathological amenorrhea. Pathological amenorrhea can be due to congenital factors or injury to the pelvis. Mostly amenorrhea is due to anaemia, diabetes, starvation, and carcinoma of the sex organs.
Sometimes exposure to chill can precipitate amenorrhea. Surgical removal of the ovaries leads to amenorrhea. Certain nervous system diseases like stress, anxiety, and hysteria can lead to the incidence of amenorrhea.
Remedies:
Before staring treatment of amenorrhea pregnancy must be excluded.
Rajpravartini-vati is the drug of choice in treating amenorrhea. One tablet, twice a day, with warm milk is given for three days.
For anaemia, Poonarnava mandoora is given with buttermilk in a dose of one tablet, thrice a
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Period is frequently longer than normal.
Pelvic inflammatory diseases, tumours, abnormal position of the uterus or endometriosis are common cause for congestive dysmenorrhoea.
Remedies:
Shankh vati is the main antispasmodic preparation of Ayurveda. Two tablets, twice a day, are given with warm water for at least five days for complete relief.
Parsik-yavani half teaspoonful (2.5 g), thrice a day, with warm water is good antispasmodic.
Decoction of Karpas or cotton in dose of six teaspoonfuls (30 ml) is useful.
Patranga-asva, six teaspoonfuls (30 ml) with equal quantity of water, twice a day, acts favourably in dysmenorrhoea.
Soma-roga (Frequency of micturition)
Causes: It is a very common disorder in women of all ages. It can be due to habit, nervousness, disease of the bladder and urethra. Abnormalities of the urine like acid irritating urine, excessive contents of urates or bacterial infection of the urinary bladder can lead to the incidence of frequency of micturition.
Remedies:
Somnatha-rasa is the drug of choice in treating frequency of micturition. One tablet is given with honey followed by milk twice a
It protects the urinary and vaginal orifice. It also provides protection for the clitoris.
The chapter summarizes that sex differences in the brain structure and function has a close association to the psychological characteristics, such as sexual orientation. Social experience of humans influences hormones to a great extent. The relation between hormones and sex differences possesses both clinical and social implications. According to medicine, humans with ambiguous genitalia fall under the female sex as it is easier to create female genitalia when compared to male genitalia. Furthermore, surgical procedures used for reconstructuring either male or female genitalia have always worsened the
Subsequently, take ½ to 1 measure once or twice daily for an extra 3 days. Children (4years+): Take one level 1.25ml measures of powder in water, do this every 3 to 4 hours whilst awake for 48hours. Subsequently, take ¼ to ½ measure once or twice daily for an extra 3
After seventeen sessions of treatment, her menstruation resumed. Menstruations are closely related to the liver, kidneys, the heart and the spleen. Once the relating meridians are smooth and clear, organs are stimulated back to work, which slows down the aging of women. Patient C is a terminal metastatic prostate cancer patient who was already abandoned by modern medicine. When he came in, he was unable to walk or ingest any food or liquid.
The most common sites include head and neck(35%),extremities, trunk, retroperitoneum. Lesser common sites are the genitourinary. The cervix is one of the least common sites in genitourinary tract. Vagina is involved more commonly than cervix. The most common type is embryonal subtype, and accounts for 68% of all cases.
This condition tends to make your period even more painful than the usual making it more discomforting. It is difficult to engage with your partner in sexual intercourse because in some cases you can have experience
The information about men and their sexual organs is well-documented and the portrayal does not seem to have changed in decades. Yet, the information about women is lacking. Even when I received sexual education training in elementary and high school, there was no discussion about women’s sex organs. There were demonstrations of putting condoms on a penis (via a banana) and plenty of information about male sex organs as whole. Yet, there clitoris was a blip on the radar, only a nub in an area surrounded by reproductive organs, while the ‘G Spot’ did not even exist on the chart.
The Endocrine System Beaonca Turner, Ladonna Wells, Anita Hall, Johnitra Tipton Biology A&P 102 Dorsey Nursing School Abstract In this paper we will discuss and educate our readers about our Endocrine System. We will discuss the Endocrine system purpose, and which organs make up the system. We will also explain the direct function of the organs that make up the system, and the role they play to keep our system healthy and functioning properly. In addition to describes the Endocrine system purpose will list any problem or diseases that may be associated with the system.
Expansion of venous online around the anus is usually caused by an unhealthy lifestyle and stress. National recipes based on herbs can be of great help in the treatment of this unpleasant disease. According to statistics, about one-third of humanity suffers from problems with hemorrhoids, a disease that significantly impairs the quality of life. Hemorrhoids are actually varicose veins in the anus and can be internal or external.
Explaining more the pain of pubic symphysis Relaxin is a hormone produced in large amounts during pregnancy that relaxes the joints, muscles, and ligaments. Since this process prepares the body of the prospective mother for childbirth, it is essential for the baby to have enough space and be born healthy. The production of relaxin affects the symphysis of the public, making it flexible and soft, which causes agonizing pain in the pelvic
Nearly 5% to 10% of females are affected with PCOS. Are you wondering what PCOS is? PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndromes) also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation is a problem in which womens hormones are out of balance. It can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. There are many signs to look for when you think you may be affected by PCOS.
The study was conducted in 1989 for a 6 month period. It consisted of 305 pregnant women between ages 17-41 with the median age of 26. These women were questioned about their urinary symptoms prior to being a part of the study. A few of the questions they were asked were: “1) whether they had urinary incontinence or frequency of voiding before, during pregnancy and/or after delivery; 2) whether incontinence was provoked by physical stress or accompanied by strong desire to void (urgency); c) whether they had daily incontinence; d) whether the incontinence had been a hygienic or social problem (Viktrup, 1999).” The researched defined frequency as voiding seven or more times during the day and two more times during the night.
The ureters run through the common wall that separates the vagina from the bladder and therefore, the surgeon should be ready to deal with the fact that the ureters may be right in the plane of separation. Once the vagina has been separated, the size of the mobilized vaginas should be measured and the length needed to bring the vagina down. It
The ovaries are found only in women. They make the hormones estrogen and progesterone which help develop breasts at puberty, regulate the menstrual cycle, and support a pregnancy. The last gland in the endocrine system are the testes. The testes play a large role in making testosterone and also in making
Female Reproductive System The menstrual cycle is a natural recurring cycle of physiological (physical and psychological i.e., body and mind) changes in females of reproductive-age. The cyclic changes happen in the female reproductive system. First, in the ovaries, ovulation is marked by a breakdown in the wall of the follicle at the surface of the ovary. After ovulation, during the secretory phase, the theca cells and the granulosa cells in the mature follicle transform to produce significant amount of progesterone hormones into the blood and into the follicle, which is called a corpus luteum.