Within the class WGSY1Y, there is much talk about femininity, aboriginal status and the sex/gender binary. In writing this assignment; I hope to explain, in depth, what the binary is as a whole, as well as touch upon the more complicated aspects of gender.
The sex/gender binary is essentially meant to explain our boundaries. We, as humans, have created two categories that we are socialized into at birth. In order to understand the true meaning of the sex/gender binary we must look at it as three distinct parts. Sex is the biological aspect of our bodies. It is the make up of hormones, genitalia, and internal compositions that set us into categories, and separate one child from another at birth. Gender is our socialized identity that reinforces
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In fact, the sex/gender binary did not always exist, but was constructed by settlers forcing their own views onto the native peoples already formulated perspectives. In the early aboriginal traditions, gender was seen as something to explore. Many native tribes had a wide range of gender classifications, and variations that held different levels of power. An atypical category did not exist. Gender “was not primarily defined by physiology, but rather through the types of work done and other social activities, and there was not always a direct link between ‘biological’ sex, gender, and sexual activity.” (Sexual Colonization of the Indigenous Peoples, Gary Kinsman, 1996). Cross-dressers, same-sex and same-gender activity was not seen as a form of deviant behavior, but rather was apart of a third, or even fourth category of gender. However, this way of life was altered by the colonization of various European groups, who came onto native territory, named it their own, and started what they liked to call the ‘European Conversion Mission’ (Katz- apart of sexual colonization, include reference**). “White men in the employ of the church and state systemically forced their own ‘civilization’ upon the original inhabitants in America, exterminating them in the name of Christian morality and rights of Empire.” (Sexual Colonization of the Indigenous Peoples, Gary Kinsman, 1996). Which according to Gary Kinsman, was the birth of the
Gender binary is a classification system that people use to identify as maleness and femaleness. In the Colonial and Industrial era, the gender binary that one identified themselves with, played an important role in how society shaped their lives. For generations, society has separated the duties of males and females. Men are usually higher on the power spectrum, whereas women are inferior . However, over the course of the colonial and industrial eras, there were many changes in the role of genders.
Activists never acknowledge those contradictions. Instead, they opportunistically rely on whichever claim is useful at any given moment” (Anderson, 34). He is not only creating this writing because he disagrees with the opposition's opinions but because they don't recognize and address their own contradictions making their beliefs confusing. The definition of gender the author would most likely agree with is that gender should directly correlate to sex that was determined before and during birth essentially only male and
Aboriginal women have rejected and still reject feminism for various reasons. First, they believe patriarchy is not universal and there are fundamental differences between Aboriginal and Euro-western cultures when the topic of gender relations arises. Many Aboriginal women claim that in the Aboriginal culture, they do not have a history of unequal gender relations. In fact, it has been said that Aboriginal women occupy positions of authority, autonomy, and high status in their community. Second, Aboriginal scholars contest that gender inequality isn’t the issue they’re trying to make their top priority in solving.
Gender as a tool of analysis has been effective when analyzing Native societies. Gender roles in Native society inevitably shaped the tribe or band in which Natives lived in. Matrilineal or patrilineal Native societies controlled the daily operations, social hierarchy, religious influence, and the effects colonization had on that particular society based on the foundation. Using gender as a tool of analysis in Native societies, scholars are able to learn more about Natives because of the affects gender had in the characteristics and foundation of each society. In “Ranging Foresters and Women-Like Men”, A Nation of Women, and “To Live Among Us”, different scholars are able to use gender as a tool of analysis to understand the ways in which
Overall Summary “Locating The Aboriginal Gender Gap: The Political Attitudes and Participation of Aboriginal Women in Canada” by Allison Harrell and Dimitrios Panagos is an article in search of locating gender gaps among Aboriginals with regards to their political participation and attitudes. If discovered that there is a gender gap present, this article looks to find where it would be located and what would cause such gaps. With the help of previous literature, they look at two possible explanations. Inequality could be one possible determinant of gender gaps and colonialism could be another. Harell and Dimitrios look at both possible explanations as well as three surveys, and with the assistance of these they come to discover that there
In addition, I quickly became aware of the male-dominated culture in the US. Some of these thoughts were challenged as I grew older. I learned that society is normalizing the idea of multiple genders. In class I became aware that some cultures are even built upon having many genders, such as the Navajo. The film “Two Spirit” describes the Navajo as viewing gender and sex as spiritual and sacred.
Canadian health services delivery has not been sufficient in serving Aboriginal women. Practices and policies of the system has continue to marginalize many aboriginal women in the health care structure (indigenous women, 2005), this is structural violence. “Determinant of health such as gender, cultural heritage, aboriginal status is influenced by the quality and quantity of a variety of resources that a society makes available to its members” (Donna, Jessie, Susan, Buffy, 2008). Many Aboriginal women have low self-esteem (Indigenous politics, 2005), these “internal struggles” have led to many health and social related problems such as alcohol and drug abuse (YWCA Canada). In 2001 the life expectancy was 77 years for Aboriginal women (YWCA
“Doing Gender” by West and Zimmerman is similar to Butler’s “Performative Acts and Gender Constitution.” However, West and Zimmerman build upon the ideas that Butler puts forth. Butler focuses on gender as performance and how gender is made up by specific actions. While West and Zimmerman take the concept of performance and constitution and applies it to a new concept, the sex category and how sex categories and gender are intertwined in society. Sex categories and gender, according to West and Zimmerman, are different and interconnected.
Gender is it a concept or is it made apparent by our DNA when you are born or does it change as you grow older? Often gender is something that society defines at birth. According to society certain gender roles are pre established when we are born. The majority of society believes that if you are born to a specific gender you should adhere to the gender roles while other people believe that instead we may be born to a gender but it does not always decide if you are that gender. Science has proven that just because you are born a male or female does not mean that you mentally see yourself as that gender.
According to sexologists John Money and Anke Ehrhardt, sex and gender are separate categories. “Sex, they argued, refers to physical attributes and is anatomically and physiologically determined. Gender they saw as a psychological transformation - the internal conviction that one is either male or female (gender identity) and the behavioral expressions of that conviction” (Sterling 4). Although there are biological differences between the two sexes, but gender roles are socially constructed. They determine how males and females should think, speak, dress, behave and interact with society.
Sex and gender are the two terms used for identification of masculinity and femininity among humans in our daily life. Sex is the biological term that determines the biological and “anatomical” differences between male and female species. It also clarifies the primary and secondary sex characteristics a person should have in order to be male or female. However, gender is a socially and culturally constructed term that delineates the distinction between men and women and their roles in the society. Gender is also used to organize relationships between man and women in social life.
Unlike ‘sex’, which typically refers to the biological and physiological differences, gender is a sociological concept that describes the social and cultural constructions that is associated with one’s sex (Giddens & Sutton, 2013, p. 623-667). The constructed (or invented) characteristics that defines gender is an ongoing process that varies between societies and culture and it can change over time. For example, features that are overly masculine in one culture can be seen as feminine in another; however, the relation between the two should not be seen as static. Gender socialization is thought to be a major explanation for gender differences, where children adhere to traditional gender roles from different agencies of socialization. Gender
Understanding gender and sexuality as socially constructed categories is important because it helps people understand a certain group. Gender and sexuality is expressed in many categories and people must be careful not to mix people in the wrong category. Simply because one expresses their sexuality different from another person does not mean they should be bashed or treated differently. Sometimes it does not matter what you identify as, who you identify with, people will always judge you, so its best people just do what they want. Putting gender in a category helps others not stereotype them as something they are not.
Gender Identity and Role Gender role identity is considered individuals’ essential recognition of masculinity or femininity (Cook, 1985). Masculinity and femininity were originally considered alternative explanations of sex differences, seen as two ends of a bipolar dimension within a measurable, unidimensional concept that can be inversely correlated (Bem, 1974; Constantinople, 1973). However, this implication refers to a concept that regards masculinity and femininity as simply personal traits. It does not take into account the different environmental influences (e.g., cultural or social norms) and internal distinctions and preferences.
Throughout most of history and the usage of the word gender in the past, gender has been defined as groups of males or females and a class that is distinguished based off of certain