CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
As stated previously, self-identity is one key concept of this thesis reflecting on the new life experiences of the returnees. Berger and Luckman (1966:194) state that identity is central to subjective reality and is concerned with the dialectical relationship with society. Accordingly, identity is created through social processes. In this view, identity is also seen as a phenomenon emerging from a dialectic relationship between the individual and society.
3.1 Feminist Theory
The majority of the literature on human trafficking originates within feminist schools of thought. Authors backing this anti-prostitution perspective suggest, “all prostitution constitutes a human rights violation.” Feminists were the first to write about the issue and it is in this arena that the most heated debates take
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The term NGO first appeared in 1945 with the foundation of the UN, when the UN allowed for certain specialized international non-state agencies to obtain an observer status at its meetings. The oldest organization considered to be an NGO dates long before the NGOs took over both the developed and the developing world, when the international Red Cross was founded in the middle of the 19 century.
Researchers of the NGO sector distinguish operational from campaigning NGOs – just another of the many classifications, but relevant for this study. Operational NGOs are those who tend to reach short-term goals by various small projects, they waste a great amount of energy chasing for grants, donations and other sources to finance each upcoming project, and their activities center around making a project in order to get some cash, rather than the other way
It is really perturbing that when suddenly when driving into a certain neighborhood, or street, and in a specific time of night, you see various women slowly starting to appear walking in the night. While children wonder why those women are out so late, and parents try unsuccessfully to distract them from the situation, no one truly dares to change anything. Most just simple choose to look away, not aware of the horrors these people face. The sole idea of one’s own family members in this industry, would make anyone’s skin crawl. Sex trafficking has stained society’s history, present, and sadly, it’s future.
Currently, nonprofit organizations are the fastest growing organization in the World. They only date back to the 1970s. They can range from being owned by one person and little products going out, to them being multibillion dollar foundations. Most nonprofit organizations provide goods and services like charitable, educational, and religious ones (Hall par. 3). Services are meant to meet the needs of the people and help the surrounding communities like providing food, helping animals, and protecting the environment (Ingram par.
Prostitutes are now in some cases seen as a “victim of an immoral institution” (Green). A major form of prostitution that is necessary to examine in relation to the ethical condition of unjust harm is human trafficking. An organization called Traffick Free claims that there are 16,000 to 25,000 individuals in the Chicago area alone that are involved in prostitution and human trafficking (Dueholm 28). Society has taught us to blame the prostitute for the violent things that occur to them simply because they chose this profession. But this is a form of unjust harm unto the prostitute.
There will be no solution to the growing problem of human trafficking until more people are aware of how human trafficking takes place, until states begin to deter human trafficking more effectively, and until more individuals take an active role in reporting possible acts of trafficking to the proper authorities. Therefore human trafficking cannot be defined as any one particular crime; it is not simply sexual exploitation. Other forms of human trafficking are labor trafficking, slavery and in some cases human trafficking consist of the removal of organs. It is much more than that because human trafficking has many different characteristics. In the article "Hidden in Plain Sight: Human Trafficking in the United States,” Hepburn and Simon state that “. . .
The criminalization of prostitution originates in the misogynist stigma of passionlessness, which limits female sexuality solely to reproductive purposes and ignores fundamental human rights; therefore, global societies should decriminalize this industry in efforts to enhance workers’ autonomy, validate their individual believes, and regulate an otherwise perilous
Prostitution is a widely recognized topic, anyone and anywhere can get involved into this line of work with just one thing, themselves. Do the men, women and children really have a choice whether or not they want to use their bodies to earn a living? Or are they forced by outside influences that make them have no other choice. Preliminary research covered numerous topics about prostitution; When the victims started and why they started was not uncovered by these findings. There have not been a sufficient interviews with these subjects to
Sex-trafficking, in the form that it persists today, was not seen as a major issue by politicians until the 1990s. Today, prostitution is criminalized in most U.S. states with few exceptions in locations, but this does not combat the people who behind much of the organized operation. In America, there is a reoccurring theme of young girls from broken homes, whether there is a missing parent or parental-child discord, who
The author is also trying to plead his case to ignorant or citizens who have little to no knowledge of the human trafficking issue. The article, “Human Trafficking” provides an excellent
However, there are also feminists who perceive the trade as a form of coercion and institution of male domination and abolishment is in order (p.1). This essay will argue that women are coerced into the job and are subject of male violence and laws should be created to criminalize it. Furthermore, this paper will reflect the prostitution debate between liberal feminists and radical feminists.
Researchers are perplexed as to why human traffickers would want to be a part of such a horrifying experience for innocent people who simply want a better life for themselves and their family. In order to decrease number of humans being trafficked, consumers must be educated on the last terrifying effects it has on the individuals (Alexander M. Capron, & Francis L. Delmonico. 2015). Nonetheless, society has to seriously boycott their actions and demand that they end their immoral habits (Alexander M. Capron, & Francis L. Delmonico. 2015). Women are being tricked into thinking that traffickers will provide a better and more pleasing lifestyle for them if they do what they are asked to do one hundred percent of the time (Van Impe, K. 2000). While many people are under the impression that the cause of human trafficking is caused by poverty and a lack of education, more and more women are being sexually abused (Joarder, M. A. M., & Miller, P. W.
Furthermore prostitution cannot be deemed immoral as prostitution itself is a trade similar to many other jobs in the society. A person’s right to sell their sexual services is neither more nor less of a right than that of person selling their labour-power in any other of its multifaceted forms. For example a person doing manual labour is selling his/her body, a writer sells her mind and a bodyguard or wrestler sells the services of their body. The feminist argument is that, Prostitution is merely a job of work and the prostitute is a worker, like any other wage labourer (Patemen, 2010, p.9). Many people believe that the act of prostitution involves buying another person for money, this is not the case.
Women and children trafficked into sex industries are often forced into activities such as prostitution and pornography. The basis of the sex trafficking trade is female victims and male perpetrators and the gender roles of victims and perpetrators value gender-focused strategies to combat sex trafficking (Busch-Armendariz, 2009). Sex trafficking. Sex trafficking receives a great deal of attention, trafficking for labour purposes is actually in greater demand (Gozdziak, 2008). Labour trafficking applies to men, women, boys and girls.
We are living in a world where one person has an absolute power over another. The groundless trade of human beings in today’s world shows a deteriorated state of affairs which confirms that the greatest moral challenge facing the globe today is human trafficking. It refers to illegal sale or trade of people for sexual abuse or forced labor through coercion or abducting people. Our world is facing from many obstacles created by natural and manmade disasters which further results in problems in every country’s economy and social welfare of every person is jeopardized and one of the problems faced by majority of the nations of this world due to economic downfall is human trafficking. It is one of the most atrocious human rights infringements commonly
The United Nations’ Convention held in 1949, stated prostitution to be “incompatible with human dignity”. According to the Oxford Dictionary, prostitution is defined as "The practice or occupation of engaging in sexual activity with someone for payment." Often referred to as the “oldest profession” in the world, prostitution has become a burning issue in today’s world. The ongoing debate on whether to legalize, criminalize or decriminalize prostitution seems to be quite unresolvable. This paper investigates the negative impacts of legalizing prostitution such as 1) encouragement of prostitution, 2) increase in the incidence of human trafficking and 3) exposure of prostitutes to severe harm such as drug abuse, infection from sexually transmitted diseases and violence, which clearly supports the fact that prostitution should not be legalized.
“The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil but by those who watch them without doing anything”-Albert Einstein Human Trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labour, organs removal, commercial sex exploitation and economic exploitation. Normally, trafficking is done by threat, compulsion, abduction, fraud, misleading, abuse of power, vulnerability, giving payments or benefits to a person in control of the victim .Trafficking in person is a serious crime and dignified violation of human rights . Most of people nowadays do not know that human slavery still exists; after it was abolished 150 years ago, its proven when there is an auction of young women intended for sexual slavery occurred publicly in Britain highly policed location and another auction even took place in front of a café at Greenwich Airport, Britain (News by BBC UK, 4 June 2006, 14.31 GMT). These crimes have been booming and become a global phenomenon when victims from at least 153 countries were detected in 124 countries worldwide between 2010 and 2012.