Fetal Distress Case Studies

It also includes the distress that a woman can terminate her pregnancy on demand. Therefore, abortion is a

Abortion is Ethical in many ways. A woman has a right to her own body to make decisions for herself. In some cases, women use abortion because of severe medical problems not only for the mother, but for the fetus. Test could show birth defects or complications that could potentially harm the fetus but the mother as well. For example, severe infections, heart defects, preeclampsia which causes the mother to develop high blood pressure and causes strokes.

Cause of variable deceleration is attributed to umbilical cord occlusion25 . When there is interruption of umbilical blood flow or changes in placental bed oxygenation, changes occur in fetal blood pressure which induces fetal heart rate reflexes causing variable deceleration. According to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists11, recurrent variable decelerations with minimal to moderate variability are indeterminate, whereas those with absent variability are

Describe factors that affect the health of the fetus Introduction Complications that occur in pregnancy can affect both the mother and the child in negative ways. In this essay I am going to talk about complications that can occur during pregnancy and how the complications can affect both the mother and the child, I am also going to talk about both the symptoms and the treatments for conditions that can be caused due to complications in pregnancy. Complications in pregnancy There are lots and lots of complications that could occur during pregnancy, complications that occur during could affect both you and your child in a negative way, examples of some complications you could experience in pregnancy include lack of oxygen to the foetus

Introduction Pre-eclampsia, a disease characterized by widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria, is a leading contributor of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the world. This pregnancy-specific disease is complicating about two to eight percent of pregnancies. Therefore, it is important to identify women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia in order to reduce complications and to develop possible treatment modalities. 1,2,3 Preeclampsia has a complex pathophysiology, the main cause including infarcts, atherosis, thrombosis, and chronic inflammation. In recent studies, it is known that angiogenic factors have a significant role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.

A tired uterus from induction of labor, multiparity, general anesthesia, prolonged labor, or amnionitis also place a patient at higher risk for PPH (Oberg et al., 2014). Further risk factors include previous cesarean section, coagulation defects, fibroids, or placental issues. Lacerations from an instrumental delivery, precipitous delivery, or a manipulative delivery can also cause PPH. Finally, uterine inversion and hematomas can be complications leading to PPH.

Sepsis is a possibly life-threatening condition. It is the body 's response to an infection that causes a cascade of events and symptoms that lead to a diagnosis of sepsis. Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing the severe and serious complications that can ensue. Care is supportive and directed at preventing multi-organ failure by promoting aggressive volume resuscitation in order to reverse the effects of tissue hypoxia. Contrastingly, studies show that excessive fluid therapy can lead to increased complications, length of stay in the ICU, and

the presence of a presacral mass. At birth, a history of excess oral secretions and central cyanosis implies the potential presence of VACTERL (Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Tracheoesophageal, Renal and Limbs particularly radial) anomalies. So full examination of the spine, the pelvis, the esophagus, and the cardiovascular system to ensure a life-threatening abnormality has not been overlooked because of an absent rectum. Check for the normal position and size of the anus:

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition which affects the heart muscle. The left ventricle of the heart becomes enlarged which can result in the inefficiency of blood being pumped around the body. In Lily’s situation, this was a genetic condition however this condition may also be caused by viral infections, auto-immune disease or even pregnancy (British heart foundation, 2017). Development According to Feldman, (2004) children with chronic medical conditions are expected to require longer hospital stays.

This explains how pregnant women perceive the extent of the problem of maternal morbidity and mortality. If they see it as something serious or severe that can lead to complicated issues then there is need for them to take action. Perceived Susceptibility is another construct in HBM which refers to the personal risk or susceptibility which is one of the more powerful perceptions in prompting people to adopt healthier behaviour. Most women see themselves as being vulnerable to disease or death during the time of pregnancy due to the fact that different complains about their health always come up. This always gingers them in taking action to seek maternal health service from different places of their

Mills identifies that obstetric ultrasound is the address which can be seen as directly calling the fetus into being as a person (2014:96-97, 102). She argues that through experiences of ultrasound the fetus is framed in such a way as to bring felicity into question in assigning or withholding of personhood depending on whether the pregnancy is maternally ‘wanted’ and whether it is medically ‘viable’ (2014:96-97). To this end, Mills queries whether assignment of fetal personhood in utero obfuscates the normative significance of birth (2014:99, 102). Mills discussion focuses on the ways in which the fetal personhood debate has been centered around abortion and fetal homicide, and how the role of obstetric ultrasound as a routine part of pregnancy has effectively undermined the normative significance of birth (2014:99-100, 102). Similarly, Roberts argues that the erasure of the body of the gestating woman within fetal ultrasound imagery begins the process of removing the woman from the fetus, and hence, constructing the fetus as an individual (2013:4).

Previously, abortions were also surgically performed, in which the cervix was mechanically dilated and her unborn baby was manually removed from her body. This, as a result however, posed a high risk of trauma to the cervix that responds to the body’s hormones—not a doctor’s tools—to remain closed during a pregnancy in order to sustain that pregnancy; and the damage, moreover, can also be suffered by the uterus, which is where the fetus develops before birth. With damage to these organs, any appropriate development for subsequent pregnancies are hindered. Therefore, the woman is put at greater risk for faulty subsequent pregnancies, with possibilities ranging from premature birth or miscarriage to infertility all together. Modern technology, fortunately, has developed ways to manipulate biology so that abortions no longer have to require the mechanical disruption of the cervix or

Norag Lee claims,” Longer duration of urinary catheter drainage, positive contact precautions status and a history of catheterization appear to be associated with a higher risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection in hospitalized pediatric patients. Physicians should attempt to decrease the duration of catheterization, especially in patients who meet these criteria, to minimize the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infection.” HAIs may be caused by any infectious agent, including bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative), fungi, and viruses, as well as other less common types of pathogens. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the most common pathogenic bacterium of nosocomial infections are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Certain fungi such as Candida albicans and aspergillus, as well as, viruses such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus and influenza can also lead to hospital-acquired

You succinctly described fetal homicide laws and the different standards used. With advances in technology, medicine has taken leap and bounds in being able to see fetuses earlier through ultrasounds and keep fetuses alive who are born prematurely. Therefore, the Born-Alive Standard and the Viability Standard are outdated and difficult to hold to standard due to differences in development between fetuses. As you noted, the Conception Standard should then be utilized as the standard in fetal homicide laws which in turn will provide a strong deterrent towards violence against pregnant women. Utilizing a conception standard will cause disagreement from those who are pro-choice as they view it as infringing on standards established through Roe v. Wade (1973).

Regardless of the improvements that have been made there is still a risk of miscarriages as a result. This risk factors can be contributed to the invasiveness of the procedure as well as the time during the pregnancy at which it is performed. The later the genetic testing is performed, the more developed the unborn child is and the later the possible abortion would take place. The two most common forms of testing are ¨amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling¨ (Rebouché and Rothenberg 989). Both of these tests ¨[require] extracting cells from the fetus in utero, either through the mother 's abdomen or vagina¨ (Rebouché and Rothenberg 989).