Since the beginning of the twentieth century, the Italian-based company Fiat focused remarkably on an international strategy. In 1908 Giovanni Agnelli
Introduction Innovation is a new idea, business model or process developed or articulated as a result of a need to find better ways to serve the customer. Innovation is an effective use of a novel idea or practise existing either inside the firm or organization or outside it to improve the firms’ competitiveness in the global economy. The concept of open innovation assumes that a firm can look at external and internal factors to improve its processes and technology. The central idea lies with regards to harnessing the knowledge available openly and being agile to adapt to market needs and serve the customers better. There are a few types of open innovation methodologies.
At all, the mafiosi refers themselves as businessman to conceal their hideous and violent acts from the general people around them. They tend to use euphemisms like “family business” and “an offer he can’t refuse” while speaking among themselves. Their manipulated acts are well orchestrated so as to convince the policeman, judges and congressman that they are legitimate businessman. It also serves as a reassurance for
How the Mafia works then after is that they would refuse to get aid from the government by any means. If anyone does so, they would be targeted by the bosses and get killed. They would not cooperate with the laws, and they would rather obtain and settle things by their own hands, which originally came from why they wanted to make these clans in the first place. Guns and have been a very important factor for the rise of the Italian mafia. Without good weaponry, they would not have been feared or powerful when they first tried to only protect and secure themselves from foreign attacks.
INTRODUCTION Now with the copyright law, Copyright Act, Chapter 63 established on 1987 with the new revised version on 2006, any author who creates their own original works automatically has the privilege to have copyright protection. Original works means works that are created with own effort and through processes of developed ideas and their whole new way to express their ideas in their final product. Not only are the works protected in their own country but also countries that signed the international agreements. Meaning works are protected in countries that signed the international agreements with the same effect as though the works was made there. Therefore, works cannot be produced without permission in another country.
Innovation is closed to generate the flow of ideas and development of the company. To provide new ideas for the corporates market and successful , played some tacit rules where they invested more in internal research and development than competitors and they hired the best and smartest people for achieve their goals . These investments , that enabling them to reap more profits and control of the intellectual property (IP) to prevent competitors from the exploit it . And can then re-invest profits in more research and development (R & D), which in turn led to the discoveries of an additional breach,
It is necessary that representatives of the creative industries create an environment that will activate our senses and emotions, and encourage lateral thinking. Any initiative for innovation (ideas, products, services, etc.) Has little chance of success if it is not provided the correct communication innovation. Innovative communication should include innovation process and to promote the diffusion of innovation (the study of how fast, how and why some innovations spread through the population). The goal of innovation is to promote the integration of communication of all participants through the various translations of specific 'language', strengthen the role of constructive dialogue, building bridges of communication between different disciplines, resulting in the creation of conditions for activating the space for innovation.
COMPULSORY LICENSES UNDER COPYRIGHT LAW A license is a temporary transfer of interest in a copyright from the owner of the copyright to the licensee. In a license, the rights granted are scarce. It allows the licensee to use the copyrighted work without fearing any claim of copyright infringement brought before by the owner of the copyright. It varies from a copyright assignment as this is subject to a license agreement and also the sole ownership rests with the original owner of the copyright. An assignment entails the rights to the assignee who then becomes the owner of the interest.
2.3 Closed Vs. Open Innovation Closed Innovation Open Innovation Internal Idea sources Internal and External Idea sources One Entry and Exit point Multiple Entry and Exit points Protection of Intellectual Property Commercialisation of spill overs like Intellectual Property (IP) through Licensing and Technology spin offs One Income Stream Additional Income Stream The points above highlights the advantages Open Innovation has over closed innovation, but an argument could be made that one of the most important advantages is the ability to take into recognition and integrate the users’ involvement in the innovation process. 2.4 Cognitive Engineering A lot of research has been invested towards the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) which is an avenue for the application of cognitive engineering principles in the development of technology innovations (Pirolli,
Open innovation is the contrary of the traditional model of vertical integration of innovation where internal research and activities of development conduct to internally developed products that are further sold by the company. Although the Open innovation idea goes back to the 60s, it was for the first time coined in 2003 by Henry Chesbrough and his team, at Berkeley Business School. They defined open innovation as “the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively”. But this is considered to be a tidy definition, because it stresses both the inflows