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Filipino Nationalism Research Paper

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Higher Education and Origin of Nationalism The article was about the emergence of Filipino nationalism as a result of higher education. The article focuses on higher education as catalyst to the propaganda and national consciousness of the Filipino. Failure of religious order and catholic school and limiting academic freedom while pushing the idea of indio as “Filipinos” with equal rights as the Spaniard ushered the Filipino nationalism during those times.
Failure of religious order and catholic school in the point of view of Spain The article mentioned the failure of religious order and catholic school in preventing the national consciousness of the Filipinos. Religious orders were the reason why higher education emerged in the Philippines. …show more content…

Improvements in the educational system were expected but, these were only experienced by the Spaniards and the Spanish mestizos. The Ilustrados were limited on how much they can learn and what they can say. As stated earlier, ilustrados were starting to question the authority of the government. Thus, authorities limited their academic freedom to restrict them and avoid revolting against them while pushing the idea of indio as “Filipinos” equal to the Spaniards. We can see that the act of limiting the academic freedom is against the idea of Filipinos being equal with the Spaniard. Since this was the age of enlightenment, curiosities of the Filipinos were at peaked so, they decided to go abroad and take proper higher education which their mother country couldn’t provide. This period was also the height of cash crop economy so the ilustrados had the capacity to send their children abroad. This solution was overlooked by the Spaniards; they overlooked that limiting the academic freedom will urge ilustrados to study abroad which was more dangerous than having academic freedom in the

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