Natural aquatic bodies are being polluted due to untreated effluents released from agricultural, industrial and sewage waste waters. These pollutants are harmfully affecting the aquatic life, including fish (Gagnaire et al., 2004). Among aquatic pollutants, there exist organic and inorganic compounds such as combustible substances, petroleum products, phenol, textile dyes and heavy metals. Among inorganic contaminants, heavy metals are the prominent ones (Jadhavet al., 2010). Fish are more susceptible to the harmful impacts of pollutants and serve as an excellent tool for understanding the health status of aquatic ecosystem (Donohue et al., 2006). Fish can uptake heavy metals from the surrounding environment that can accumulate in various organs …show more content…
There have been numerous reports of histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of the fish exposed to a wide range of heavy metals and organic compounds (Abdel, 2012). Impact of contaminants and toxicity of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystem can be evaluated by measuring physiological and biochemical parameters in the kidney and liver of the fish (Barhoumi et al., 2012). In comparison to the terrestrial life, aquatic organisms are more sensitive to the exposure and toxicity of heavy metals, therefore, they provide the accurate data to analyze the lethal effects such as, mutagenicity and oxidative stress caused by environmental pollutants (Vosyliene and Jankaite, 2006). Oxidative stress is a difference between the rate of production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system of the aquatic organisms (Nishida, …show more content…
Elevated levels of heavy metals, like zinc and lead, in the tissues of the fish can produce reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals that can cause apoptotic cell death by disrupting normal enzymatic pathways (Cao et al., 2010). Antioxidant enzymes are natural compounds that are protein in nature and they are important in sustaining animal life against ROS (Norberg and Arner, 2001). For protection of cells, antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) play a vital role in reducing the oxidative stress (Pereir et al., 2010). Peroxidases are broadly present in the microorganisms and animal tissues. When oxidative stress increases, peroxidase functions as first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (Boeuf et al., 2000).
The Catla catla commonly called thaila, is an important major carp due to its easily availability, higher growth rate, consumer preference and its compatibility with other major carps (FAO, 2005). In the field of ecotoxicology, the use of oxidative stress biomarkers are gaining importance as they could provide an early warning to the potentially hazardous substances in the aquatic environments. Therefore, during present
People during World War I should eat fish because they feed themselves and reproduce unlike bread. I believe in World War I it was very hard to find food like bread and canned foods. If people had a little fish pond or even a vegetable garden, they would have a better supply of food because they are in nature and reproduce and grow themselves.
“These water bodies supply our drinking water, water for agriculture and manufacturing, offer opportunities for recreation and provide habitat to numerous plants and animals.” Pollution is degrading our waters and one of the best forms to study the change in water quality is testing contaminants in fish that inhabit
The enzyme of turnip peroxidase is added in the equation to catalyze the oxidation. Objectives The objective
Due to controversy over GMO foods this particular avenue of research has waned, but in recent years there has been a growing interest in using transgenic fish to study toxicology (Gong et al 213, Dai et al 11). One possible application of transgenic zebrafish is the detection and monitoring of aquatic pollution (Dai et al 11). Aquatic environments are a major route of distribution for pollutants such as pesticides, toxic heavy metals, and endocrine disruptors (Carvan et al 134). Fish and other aquatic organisms can accumulate these environmental contaminants via bioconcentration in the food chain or by directly absorbing them through the gills (Carvan et al 134). Humans are also at risk for exposure through the consumption of fish from polluted water (Carvan et al
The human effects on Salmon Salmon are a crucial part of are the environment. They create nutrients in the water and the forests but we are killing them with dams, fish hatcheries, and straight rivers. For instance, dams are dropping the salmon down a 200-foot waterfall, pulling down hundreds of feet from the underpull. (Robert F. service Jan. 10, 2018, 2:25 PM, et al. "
When I get out of school I wanna be pro fisherman they make so much money just to fish. That will be the easy way to make money and have fun while you doing it but there are sometimes that you will no have fun. When I get old I rather not fish I rather have a job that is in a office or something but i'll be okay with just fishing the rest of my life. There are many jobs out there in this world
Crayfish Response In this experiment the researchers were investigating the limited range of the crayfish species Orconectes saxatilis in the upper part of the Kiamichi River. The dispersal of the crayfish species O. saxatilis and two sympatric crayfish species throughout the upper part of the Kiamichi River were examined. The type of habitat that the crayfish favor for use was also examined along with their historical characteristics. Crayfish species with small habitats are in major need of conservation but little information is known about species-specific habitats.
If the fish are not healthy, that can adversely affect people. People could eat contaminated fish, or people cannot sell the fish because they are contaminated. Some fish may die from the pollution, leading to less fish for catching. Lower populations of fish and other marine life can also cause an imbalance in the food chain. Predators can also be harmed
Wastes deposited by the animals can introduce nutrients and disease-causing organisms into the water, posing problems for aquatic organisms as well as human populations that use the water.” Another way that humans can negatively impact the water quality is by fertilizers and pesticides being put into the water. When this happens it can make the nitrogen and phosphorus levels increase which can be lethal to the organisms in
This element is extremely toxic which creates greater concern regarding health. A few effects of lead on the human body are damage in brain development, certain learning skills for children, behavior in adults and children, high blood pressure, reproduction, and the growth of adults and children (“Department of Ecology,” 2007-2011). As arsenic and lead have risky effects, mercury, petroleum related compounds, and PCBs also have fatal
Atlantic Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Introduction: The Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) is a pelagic and schooling fish that is also known as the northern bluefin tuna, giant bluefin tuna. The species is the largest member of the Scombridae family and one of the largest bony fishes. Bluefin tunas are known to swim long distances and usually at high speed of up to about 1.5 knots and can also dive as deep as about 900 meters. The average lifespan of bluefin tunas is 15-30 years with up to 50 years for very large specimens.
Water Pollution is a huge environmental problem that has serious effects on marine habitats, animals, and water quality. BP1: The world's marine habitat has been getting worse because of how bad the pollution has gotten. “ Over 80% of marine pollution comes from land based activities “ (source 5 ). This quote explains how most of the water pollution is caused by human activity. “ Plastic litter does not degrade, can be expected to last in the oceans for hundreds of years “ ( source 6 ).
“If we can teach people about wildlife, they will be touched. Humans want to save things that they love.” -Steve Irwin. We need to save the animals in our oceans by recycling and putting our garbage where it belongs or else one day we may not have any marine animals left. Earth’s beautiful bodies of water and being dumped with waste every single day.
Have you ever been to the beach or caught a big fish and it was one of your greatest memories ever ? Well I’ve had a couple of those and I’m going to share these 5 great memories with you. I was sitting on my grandma and grandpa’s dock fishing ,the smell of unsavory worms and salty fish .When I saw my bobber go under
Marine pollution such as presence of organic matter in the ocean can result in the condition known as hypoxia or oxygen depletion and this can have adverse effect on the marine life including plant and animals and fish. Death of these fish can result in loss of millions of US dollars that are generate from the fishing industry. Marine pollution can also result in presence of foul smell resulting from the decomposing sewage being directed to the ocean and this has the effects to hinder recreational activities taking place in the sea as well as cause discomfort and breathing problem to the surrounding population (Laura, 11).marine pollution can also result in danger to human health. The human swimmers and water sport lovers can become endangered by swimming in the polluted marine waters (Laura,