1.1 Background of the Study River floodplains are highly dynamic systems resulting from frequent flood inundations. Tinny layers of sediment are deposited in floodplains when flood water recedes. The deposited sediment layers consist of nutrients, soil particles and organic matter, but may also contain significant amounts of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, metals etc (Klok et al., 2008). Floodplain sedimentation and erosion processes are mainly caused by floods which is one of the factor that can control the redistribution of anthropogenic contaminants in the floodplains (Malmon et al., 2002). Therefore, beside atmospheric inputs of pollutants, flooding events strongly influence the contamination of the soils of floodplains. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of more than 100 hundred organic compounds containing of two or more fused aromatic rings organized in linear, angular or cluster formation. PAHs are of environmental and health concern because a number of them have known mutagenic, genetoxic and carcinogenic properties as well as long range transportation capabilities. They tend to …show more content…
The sixteen PAHs have been further classified as follows; benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)as group 1A (carcinogenic to humans), dibenzo(a,h) anthracene(DahA) group 2A (probably carcinogenic to humans) and naphthalene (NaP), benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chry) and indeno(1,2,3-cd)perylene (IndP) as group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to human), while acenaphthene (Ace), acenaphthylene (Acy), anthracene (Ant), benzo(ghi)perylene (BghiP), fluoranthene (Flt), fluorine (Flu), phenanthrene (Phen) and pyrene (Pyr) are not classified as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Banger et al.,
Freshwater is also looked at as floodplain management is observed. The patterns of environmental quality are also examined. My hypothesis is that pH levels and drainage account for the significant differences in vegetation between the areas. This is because both drainage and pH levels play a role in what type of soil is available. The pH level determines the types of plants that grow and the drainage effects the type of soil present, which influences the
Other human carcinogens include asbestos, hexavalent chromium, aflatoxins and vinyl chloride. Carcinogens can increase the risk of cancer by changing cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with biological processes, and induces the uncontrolled, malignant division,eventually leading to the formation of tumors. Usually, severe DNA damage leads to apoptosis, but if the programmed cell death pathway is damaged, then the cell cannot prevent itself from becoming a cancer
The EPA also has stated that “chronic inhalation or oral exposure to methanol may result in headache, dizziness, giddiness, insomnia, nausea, gastric disturbances, conjunctivitis, visual disturbances (blurred vision), and blindness in humans.” (EarthWorks). The health of people is definitely an important issue but the health of our planet must also be taken into
Louisiana 's marshes are constantly changing, and it 's costing a lot of money to save it. The cost is $14 billion to stop coastal erosion, which is at a rate of losing 2.5 acres of land per hour. New Yorkers should help pay for the cost too, as they are also being affected levees, man-made and natural causes, economically, environmentally, and socially. The main problem with the marshes is coastal erosion, which is affected greatly by levees.
Styrene is most commonly found in an industrial workplace. Styrene can alter the DNA sequence. However, by limiting exposure to cancer causing chemicals, longevity of life can be preserved. Also, in Document B, it states, “Much cancer is caused by ‘environmental factors’ broadly defined to include food,drink, and habits such as smoking tobacco and basking in the sun.” The chance of being diagnosed with cancer depends on the extent of exposure to a carcinogen.
In the passage from Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How it Changed America, writer John M. Barry details the many complexities of the Mississippi river and juxtaposes its characteristics with many other well known rivers in order to communicate and share his fascination with the river to the audience. One of the most stand out ways in which writer John Barry conveys his fascination with the river to others is through intense description of the many complexities of the Mississippi river. Rather than simply stating the flow of the river, Barry opts to incorporate words such as “extraordinarily dynamic combination” and “tremendous turbulence” to paint a vivid picture in the reader’s minds. Barry’s word choice in describing
The Johnstown Flood , by David McCullough. 1968 in New York. 302 pages. The main theme of the Johnstown Flood is how risky and dangerous it is to expect from individuals that are in positions of responsibility are acting responsibly.
For our first Quarterly Article Review, we read an article titled, STORMWATER RUNOFF. We learn that “storm water runoff is unfiltered water that reaches streams, lakes, sounds, and oceans by means of flowing across impervious surfaces.” This mostly means that water, for example rainwater, hits the ground. When the water hits the ground, it picks up particles from roads, paring lots, driveways, and roads causing the water to become contaminated. This could never happen, though, if it was not for the water cycle.
Majority of everyone is at risk for flooding in St. Augustine when it comes to flooding. During flooding to recommend that no one drives or walk when the city is facing a flooding disaster, (St. Augustine Government, n.d). According to Area Vibes everyone in St. Augustine uses some type of transportation, even if that means driving, public transportation or even riding their bikes, (St. Augustine, FL Transportation, n.d.). Throughout all the transportation in St. Augustine, 61.3% of the residents drive their car,20.1% of the population walks or ride their bike around town, 8.6% of citizens carpool where ever they may need to go, and 1.1% of the people uses public transportation, (St. Augustine, FL Transportation, n.d.). The average time for workers to commute to work is about 18 minutes, just one day, (St. Augustine, FL Transportation, n.d.).
Every once in a while, a nation faces a calamity which shakes its very core and that incident happened in 2005 when Hurricane Katrina hit the US, more specifically the city of New Orleans. Hurricane Katrina was a Category 5 Hurricane which is estimated to have killed over a thousand people. Although Hurricane Katrina caused destruction on many coasts of the US, however, nothing matches the destruction that happened in New Orleans, Louisiana. What makes this issue more devastating and at the same time interesting is that in the case of New Orleans, it was not only nature that caused all the destruction, man played an important role as well, and that’s when the Levee in New Orleans broke. Although many short films and documents have been made on the subject, one of the most interesting and heart wrenching documentary has been made by Spike Lee, When the Levees Broke.
Source 3, tell us information about how New Farm was flooded during the 2011 Queensland Floods. Source 3 shows that New Farm is peninsular like, adjacent to the Brisbane River. The topography of New Farm is a low-lying and flat. With these characteristics, the Brisbane River caused lots of damage. New Farm was flooded in these areas which where close to the Brisbane river, including the Brisbane Powerhouse and New Farm Park.
The water carried the debris through the Sacramento Valley, the Delta, and the San Francisco Bay. Rivers, clogged with sediment, would overflow into the floodplains of the lowland. Floods were destructive for the environment and for residents especially in the Central Valley. Recognizing the importance of managing the water levels, residents along the river attempted to build levees. These levees proved ineffective in solving the flooding problem.
Worldwide, tobacco use causes about 90% of lung cancer deaths, 30% of all cancers, 20-25% of coronary heart diseases and stroke deaths, and more than 80% of chronic bronchitis and emphysema”. (Jordan 1). Secondly not only does it affect smokers but even people who don 't even partake in the activity of smoking cigarettes. Second hand smoke is a serious issue and can cause cancer almost easy as being an actual smoker can.
2.8.2 Urbanization Urbanization led many areas becomes more modernized. Lowland areas have been reclaimed by taking land from the hills. There are also small rivers that filled up to be used as a building site. Activities such as these are a common factor of flooding. In the past, creeks and valleys turned into water flow, now the area has been covered with soil.
4) More than 4,000 different chemicals have been found in tobacco and tobacco smoke. 5) More than 60 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer. 6) Smoking