Introduction
Floods are considered to be the hazard that affects more people and causes more damage to property than any other. A flood occurs when water overflows or covers land that 's normally dry. This can happen in a massive amount of ways and the most common is when rivers or streams overflow their banks due to excessive rain. Most floods take hours or even days to develop, providing residents enough time to prepare or evacuate. When a river overflows its banks or the sea drives inland, structures poorly equipped to withstand the water 's strength are no match. Bridges, houses, trees, and cars can be carried off. Over recent decades, possibly due to global climate change, hundred-year floods have been occurring worldwide with
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Storm surges accompany tropical depressions and cause extreme flood occurrences. They devastate many low-lying coastal areas. Damaged watersheds, massive squatter colonies living in danger zones and the neglect of drainage systems are some of the factors that have made the chaotic city of 15 million people much more vulnerable to enormous floods. (Macaraig, 2012). Floods are by no means the only natural hazard to affect the island of Luzon or the metropolitan area of Manila but they are surely the most evasive and chronic. Eighteen to 20 flood events occur in Metro Manila each year. (Daligdig&Besana, 1993)
These events cause stress to the victims due to loss of lives, serious injuries, and loss of property and devastation of the whole community. Victim responses, based on research, vary as shock, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and impaired interpersonal relationships (Crabbs&Heffron, 1981; Hartsough, 1982). There is a likelihood that stress from such events, if not properly addressed, might pave way to the development of psychological
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Furthermore, this study seeks to:
1. Identify the specific needs of victims during post-flood period with reference to the first to third level needs of Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs.
1.1. Physical needs (e.g. food, shelter, clothes)
1.2. Needs for security
1.3. The need for love and belongingness
2. To know the strengths and the coping strategies of the victims in terms of:
2.1. Physical
2.2. Emotional
2.3. Mental
3. To formulate the psychological intervention plan suitable for the victims of flood.
Significance of the Study
1. The study will delve on the current mental state and coping strategies of the victims of the monsoon flooding in Brgy. Sta. Rita, Olongapo City, province of Zambales and from there, develop a comprehensive intervention plan.
2. To decrease the likelihood of developing psychological disorders and employment of avoidance coping strategies among victims through the formulation and utilization of the intervention plan.
Definition of
There are several things that can result in floods. Rain, obviously, but believe it or not, droughts can, too. A drought is a long period of dry weather, especially one injurious to crops. Droughts can result in floods because during prolonged spells, especially, they will deplete the ground’s source of water, leaving the top layer extraordinarily dry. Then, when it rains, that top layer acts as a natural barrier, preventing the water from soaking in.
Housing conditions are comprised of the actual physical infrastructure of the house (whether it is sub-par construction or manufactured housing), homeownership and location/overcrowding. The housing conditions directly reflect what Tierney describes as the “affluence” of the populations, which is the ability to have affordable, well-constructed, self-owned homes. Many people at the lower end of the social class strata are living in poorly made/maintain housing, which they rent, in areas that are prone to disaster. Many of these individuals are unable to afford better housing, transportation, or have the ability to evacuate or prepare for a disaster. Similarly, after a disaster, these populations have a much lower resilience due to their social factors.
The Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927 has taught many emergency managers to strive to correct deficiencies from focusing events from the past by valuing and protecting the people from communities from anticipated
The focus of this paper is the core concept that traumatic events may cause changes in one’s family life, reminders the traumatic experience, and other adversities in relation to the trauma. Amarika, an 18-month-old girl, was with her mother in the park when a stray bullet from gang violence hit Makisha, Her mother. This initial event caused many changes in Amarika’s life. Makisha had complications from surgery and had to stay in the hospital for an extended period of time. When Makisha was to return home, the family also faced the distress of her rehabilitation.
Mass shooting episodes have increased over recent decade and received substantial media coverage during the last year. Multiple schools, clubs, and churches, and public places across the United States have been impacted, resulting in the deaths of innocent people. The United States has more mass shootings than any other country between 1966 and 2012. There has been shootings in public places receiving media coverage and giving the perception that they are becoming the new normal.
In “Magnificent Desolation,” author Elisa Gabbert seeks to explain how “spectacular mechanical feats beget spectacular mechanical failures,” and how we view them. Gabbert wrote this essay in the context of how we view life, but more specifically how we view and react to disasters. Gabbert wants to reach an audience of college educated readers and professionals who can examine in depth her ideas. Her purpose in writing this is to inform and entertain the reader with ideas about of how human nature interacts with disasters.
The emotional ,social and physical development of young children has an effect on their overall development and on the adult they will become. Sigmund Freud indicated how disruptions in stages of development may relate to current problems in adult hood for example :Trauma at an early stage in life may effectively prevent natural development through that stage this may then have a knock on effect in future stages causing development or learning problems for an adult . It is a positive thing for a client to recognise that certain childhood experiences may have prevented or halted their natural development ,since it provides a rational blame free explanation .If trauma does occur in childhood and problems arise because of that trauma then this
A huge flood hit in 1912, 1916 and also in the 1918’s. The floods caused so many breaks, holes, shortage and overall a lot of damage. This damage was being prepared by some unskilled laborers and skilled laborers. “World War I hampered repairs on the levee by causing a shortage of unskilled and skilled labor on the project. Unskilled laborers received $2.25-$3.00 a day while skilled workers collected $4.50-$5.256.”
“Crisis” refers to situations in which a client identifies a sudden loss of their ability to utilize with critical thinking and coping skills. Fatal situations can be identified with variable conditions, Such as natural disasters (Eg: Earthquake or tornado), the drastic changes in relationships to the loss of it (Eg: demise of a friend or family member or divorce). Crisis Intervention includes techniques that offers immediate and short-term assistance to clients who have encountered situations that produces emotional, mental, physical, and behavioural distress. It has several purposes, it aims to lessen the force of a client’s enthusiastic, mental, physical and behavioral reaction to a crisis. Another purpose is to help clients return to their level of functioning before the crisis.
Maltreatment has a severe impact on a child’s current and future functioning and development regarding their emotional, social, cognitive, behavioral, and physical wellbeing.(Frederico 345). Different types of abuse, such as physical, emotional, and sexual have different consequences, but the consequences of all maltreatment, are likely to happen in three stages. Firstly, a child may have an initial reaction such as post-traumatic symptoms, painful emotions, and cognitive distortions. Secondly, children develop coping strategies that are aimed to help increase their safety or reduce their pain. Thirdly, a child 's sense of self-worth is damaged and develop the feeling of shame and hopelessness..
Flash floods may cause loss of lives and properties. Soil erosion will leads to loss of minerals for the land. The land cannot be used for
They also include the replacement of undersized structures such as bridges. These works are necessary, as the original channels have become undersized as a result of the increase in flood flows caused by development. Flash flood also can be overcome with storage ponds of flood attenuation. Ponds such as disused mining pools can be used for flood storage. The objective is to divert the flood water through such ponds and thus regulate the outflow so that the flood peaks are attenuated.
After the flood, people can experience emotional problems. They may have lost their sense of security and have difficulty sleeping when it rains or storms, for instance. This is called immaterial damage. The consequences for people depend on the amount of water, the speed with which the water rises, whether they can evacuate, the strength and height of the houses and whether they are able to stay home to wait out the flood in a good way.
Subjects face chronic stress when dealing with SCI simply because the events leading to SCI could be very traumatizing