CHAPTER 3 :- LITERATURE REVIEW:- Berger, Talbot, Yao (1983) reviewed first heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics through a curved tube and further it is reviewed by Shah and Joshi (1987). The latest review of fluid flow, heat transfer and dimensionless heat transfer numbers is investigated by J.S. jayakumar, S.M. Mahajani, J.C. Mandal, Kannan N. Iyer and P.K. Vijayan. Most of the heat transfer and fluid flow are investigated with constant wall and constant wall flux boundary condition. The condition of constant wall temperature is suitable in heat exchangers with phase change such as condensers and cooling tower. The situation of constant wall flux boundary condition is idealized in the study of nuclear fuel elements and electrically …show more content…
NigamI (2009) experimentally studied on Pressure Drop and heat transfer of turbulent flow in tube in tube helical heat exchanger at the pilot plant scale to analysis and distribution of the fluid flow and heat transfer under turbulent flow condition. The experiments were carried out with hot compressed air in the inner tube and cooling water in the outer tube in the countercurrent mode of operation. The flow rate of compressed air flowing in the inner tube was varied for Reynolds numbers from 14,000 to 86,000 and pressure of compressed air was varied from 10 to 30 kgf/cm2. On the basis of the experimental measurements, new correlations for friction factor and nusselt number in the inner tube of the heat exchanger were developed with deviation of ±4.6 to ±5%. Rahul Kharat, Nitin Bhardwaj*, R.S. Jha have developed a correlation of heat transfer coefficient for helical coil heat exchanger to take into account of experimental and CFD results of different functional dependent variables such as gap between the concentric coil, tube diameter and coil diameter which strongly effects the heat treansfer within error band of 3-4%. The heat transfer coefficient is validated for a wide range of Reynolds number from 20,000 and 1,50,000 and specific ratio is from 0.55 to 2.25 that covers the most engineering helical coil heat exchanger
In chapter five, Pink discusses the trait of “buoyancy,” or what he defines as the ability to stay afloat when waves of rejection and adversity strike. According to Pink, buoyancy is composed of three different components: interrogative self-talk, positivity ratios, and explanatory self-talk. In the first component, Pink suggests that instead of only using positive self-talk whenever we are planning to move someone, we use interrogative self-talk. This is because asking ourselves questions, such as “Can I do this?” will elicit reasons for doing something, create room for improvement, and produce better results.
“I hated Martin more than others,because of his belly” Nick Vaca says in his story, Martin, which is about how the author reenacts the memory with visual language and specific word choices to give a picture on what he has a lasting impression on, which is an encounter with a boy named Martin. It became evident that the narrator, seemed to remember the scene perfectly, which shows how he still remembers it, which might indicate some sort of mark or impression left after experiencing the encounter. Near the end of the book, Nick might of seen that he had the wrong idea about Martin, which could of let his past experience affect his eyes metaphorically on Martin. Nick starts off the story with the first details, but more importantly, shows his point of view. Before he has his first interaction with the name Martin, he might of already have a point of view on where he lives, as it was not very wealthy.
Throughout the centuries, humans have been attempting to find a way to power homes, cars, and other luxuries in the most efficient way possible. Coal and oil were two major sources that begin being exploited during the industrial revolution. Both have caused great controversy over the years from lawsuits to strikes. A new way to drill oil, hydraulic fracturing, was discovered and was an efficient means of drilling until its effects became prevalent. Also, when coal began to run out, a new method called mountaintop removal took hold, but continues to damage the earth.
Runoff, a common problem in many areas, has many causes. These causes, although sometimes avoidable,such as pollution, it can be repaired. As pollution and erosion, two of the main topics in this paper, affect the water quality, the agents aiding the processes are unstoppable. While agents are unstoppable, runoff is still controllable as far as the rate of runoff. When writing a paper such as this, the many information collected is shown in separate paragraphs, corresponding to the ideas.
Since the heat transfer process is sensitive to both velocity and temperature of the air, any changes in temperature must be compensated in order to achieve accurate mass flow measurements. Hence Fuzzy Temperature Compensation scheme (FTCS) is employed to compensate the measurement error that might occur due to this sensitivity. In this case study the FTCS is used to compensate the error occurred by using sugeno type Fuzzy inference for temperature ranging from 60-100 0C. In order to verify this proposed compensation scheme first a simulation model is developed using Matlab/Simulink. Then the algorithm for FTCS is developed using c programming language and implemented in hardware based real time using digital signal controllers.
Perfusion : Perfusion is the process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in itsbiological tissue. The word is derived from the French verb "perfuser" meaning to "pour over or through"[3]. Tests verifying that adequate perfusion exists are a part of a patient's assessment process that are performed by medical or emergency personnel. The most common methods include evaluating a body's skin color, temperature, condition and capillary refill.
Hydraulic Fracking is a process of using miniature earthquakes inside of bedrock, to extract natural gases through the cracks it creates in the ground. While effective for removing our abundance of natural gas we carry underground in the United States, we did not start using this method until the mid 2000s. However a problem emerged from this genius idea of blowing natural fuel from the ground, a major problem that causes thousands of people unexplained water damage. Fracking has created a great deal of job opportunities, and created local investments in the area, what they didn’t foresee was the damage it would cause to the ecosystem, and more specifically the water around the fracking towers (Green Gazelle). When fracking takes place around a neighboring city, the water used by the residence becomes corrupted, brown, flammable and horrid to smell, but somehow is still safe.
Control is defined as a control on authority, impact on the incidences, behaviors, circumstances, or individuals (“Dictionary). This excessive need for determining the actions of others is seen in the novel, Breathing Underwater by Alex Flinn through Nick and Caitlin’s relationship. Caitlin fails to see the control that Nick holds over her, the unhealthiness it brings to their relationship, and allows Nick to convince her that he is the only one who really cares about her. This is seen through jealousy, criticism, and codependency. These are very common in controlling relationships and grants both parties to remain in an unhealthy situation.
California State Water Project Systems Engineering, Integrated Water Supply Planning and Management Caio Fernandes Pereira Santos Global Water Resources Geography 318 University of Wisconsin-River Falls Fall 2015 Instructor: Dr. Ruth Baker Introduction California’s water system is large, complex, and interconnected. Most precipitation falls in the sparsely populated northern and mountainous regions of the state during the winter, whereas most human water demands occur during the late spring, summer, and early fall in the population and farming centers farther south and along the coast. Precipitation also varies greatly across the years, making the state susceptible to large floods and prolonged droughts. These conditions
High-Frequency Jet Ventilation The essence of high-frequency jet ventilation utilizes the concept of delivering very small tidal volumes at a high frequency. The method of high-frequency jet ventilation was first introduced in the 1960s by Douglas Sanders which permitted continuous ventilation for patients without interrupting surgical practices used in various procedures. This technique used an open-rigid bronchoscope attached to an adapter which provided a pressure regulated oxygen supply as well as applying a manual valve allowing adjustment of ventilation frequency to the patient. Oxygen was then delivered typically at low tidal volumes and high frequency through a small bore nozzle placed within the bronchoscope (OXFORD).
Air Filters: Chevy Corvette, Cadillac STS, Chevy Silverado 1500 Your engine breathes just like you do, which means that it needs continuous clean air sent to it in order for you to get the best performance from it. The air filter is responsible for catching outside pollutants and other airborne contaminates and keep them from clogging up your engine. A clean air filter will keep dirt from getting into your engine and causing undo wear and tear on it.
Water: Surface water is often a source of drinking water. In Florida, recent estimates report that surface water accounts for approximately 38 percent of the state’s fresh water withdrawals. Therefore, pesticide contamination of surface water (ditches, streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes) is a heath concern. Pesticides that move in runoff water or with eroded sediment may contaminate plants and animals located down slope and may reach of surface water. Factors affecting runoff and erosion rates include slope, vegetative cover, soil characteristics, volume and rate of water moving down slope, temperature, and rainfall amount and intensity.
After the experimentation, you may ask yourself “Why did all of these spheres fall at a different rate when Galileo said that objects fall at the same rate (in a vacuum)?” The reason why the objects fell at a different rate in the fluids given was because the fluid’s viscosity varies. The viscosity of a fluid can impact an object that you drop into it, because there’s a resistance of some sort impacting the rate of which they fall. For example, when both spheres were dropped at the same time into a graduated cylinder of water, the steel sphere hit the bottom of the graduated cylinder before the glass sphere, because the viscosity of water is low. The viscosity of water is very dynamic based on the temperature, but both of the spheres were denser
Lab Report Title: – Osmosis Visking tube lab Research Question: Does increasing the level of sucrose increase the procedure of osmosis? Introduction: This experiment is called the osmosis visking tube.
Did you know that when exercising, the human loses more water than during normal activity through sweat? When this happens the water must be replaced in order to maintain the body’s health. Fluid replacement is very important when it comes to exercising. In source B, it states how the hotter the temperature and the more intense the exercise, the more water is lost. Like stated in Source B, “The human body uses water to regulate body temperature, transport oxygen and nutrients and dispose of waste.”