4 Irradiation
Food irradiation is the processing of food products by ionizing radiation which is used primarily as a preservation method to control reduces microbial load and foodborne pathogens. Additionally, irradiation is widely applied in order to reduce or eliminate insect infestation, prevent the sprouting of root crops, and extend the shelf life of perishable products (Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department,
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 2009, p. 2 f). Irradiation also has a potential to induce protein modification which depend on the dose of radiation and exposure time (Kuan et al. 2013, p. 105). Moreover, the irradiation processing was a cause of change of epitopes on the
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(2013, p. 2371), showed that the allergen levels of soybeans that have been irradiated by different does (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 20, and 30 kGy) were almost the same as non-irradiated soybean. The competitive inhibition ELISA analyses represented that irradiation was not significantly affected on the change in the allergen contents of soybeans, but the soybean trypsin inhibitor was decrease. In addition, the effect of irradiation on the different foodstuffs related to allergincity was carried out. For instance, Luo et al. (2013, p. 1141) studied the effect of gamma irradiation on Ara h 6 allergenicity reduction in peanut. The result suggested that irradiation influenced significantly on secondary and tertiary structures alteration of Ara h 6. Increasing the dose of gamma irradiation also deceased the antigenicity of isolated peanut allergen Ara h 6 and a whole peanut protein extract. Moreover, there was a good correlation between IgG binding to Ara h 6 and the loss in a-helix was reported. This indicated that reducing or eliminating peanut allergenicity by irradiation might be one of an efficient method. On the other hand, the studies of effect of irradiation on egg products were observed. Change of allergenicity of a hen’s egg albumin (ovalbumin) in white layer cakes containing gamma-irradiated egg white which was irradiated at 10 or 20 kGy were examined by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result suggested that mouse anti-ovalbumin IgG (mouse IgG) recognized ovalbumin in the cakes with irradiated egg white better than that in the control sample. While, the intact ovalbumin contents in the control sample declined significantly in treatments. This result indicated that the allergenicity was decreased by applying irradiation (Lee et al. 2004, p.
C4564 Description: IC50: 3-AP is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity. Ribonucleotide reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis, is an excellent target for chemotherapy. Its increased activity in cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation and proliferation.
On August 6, 1945 the United States ordered to drop a nuclear bomb on Hiroshima, a city in Japan. The bomb instantly killed between 70,000 and 80,000 people but due to the radiation more people suffered death after the attack. The bomb dropped on Hiroshima was known as “Little Boy” which was the first atomic bomb created. The plane that had dropped the bomb was known as the Enola Gay a B-29 bomber flown by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets. On August 9, 1945 the second nuclear bomb was dropped by the US on Nagasaki.
1. Immediate Aftermath On August 6, 1945, at 8:15 a.m., an atomic bomb by the name of “Little Boy” detonated 1,900 feet above the city of Hiroshima. The bomb exploded directly above the Shima Surgical Clinic with the force of about 16 kilotons of TNT, causing the burst temperature to exceed 1 million degrees Celsius and creating a massive fireball measuring 840 feet in diameter. The explosion killed an estimated 70,000 to 80,000 and injured a similar number.
Genetically modified foods could produce new toxic substances, and/or allergens. A gene was inserted into the DNA of a soybean plant to increase the nutritional value of the soybean. However, this particular gene in the genetically modified soybean also produced an allergen. Fortunately, the plant was not put into production.
Starch solution is then placed into the test tube at a quantity of 5 mL. 5 drops of Lugol’s Iodine solution is added to the test tube. If the color changes, then it is known that starches are present in the solution. Proteins are next tested. In order to do this, 5 mL of gelatin solution is added to the test tube. 10 drops of Biuret’s reagent are added to test for protein.
Non-ionising is found at the end of a long wavelength where as ionising radiation is found at shorter wavelength. Regions of the spectrum: • Gamma radiation- ionizing • X-ray radiation- ionizing • Ultraviolet radiation- non-ionizing • Infrared radiation- non-ionizing • Microwave radiation- non-ionizing • Radio waves- non-ionizing 3- A) Lethal Dose Effects 5-20 Possible late effects; possible chromosomal damage 20-100 Temporary reduction in white blood cells 100-200 Mild radiation sickness within a few hours:
GMOs can cause allergic reactions by modifying often mixes or adds protein that wasn't indigenous to the original plant or animal, causing a new allergic reaction in the body. According to the Brown University , protein from an organism that you’re allergic to may be added to an organism that you weren't originally to promoting the same allergic reaction experienced by the first organism. Food allergies in children under 18
The iodine test determines the presence of starch in biological materials. It is predicted that, if starch is not present, the solution with iodine remains yellow. However, if starch is present the solution with iodine becomes a blue-black colour. Plants have starch as the storage polysaccharide (glucose units held together by glycosidic bonds) while animals have the equivalent of glycogen. In this experiment, the dark blue colour is visible because of the helical amylose and amylopectin reacting with iodine (Travers et al., 2002).
Roughly 90% of all corn and soy sold in North America is genetically modified. Also be aware of derivatives of genetically modified ingredients (such as corn starch and corn syrup etc.). It has also been suggested that consuming GMOs is a contributing factor to the rise in allergies as our bodies are recognizing these food substances as foreign (3). By choosing items with the "certified organic" label, you avoid both GMOs and toxic herbicides/pesticides. For some people, vegetables in the nightshade family may pose a concern.
A scale of zero to five was used to describe the reactions, with zero being no reaction at all, one being a slow reaction, and five being a very fast reaction. The materials used were a test tube rack, six test tubes, a test tube clamp, forceps, a graduated cylinder, four small pieces of liver, one piece of potato, one piece of hamburger meat, approximately forty milliliters of hydrogen peroxide in a forty milliliter beaker, a splint, and matches. An ice bath and boiling water was required for testing, where a hot plate was used to boil the water. Each test tube given a label, which were “cold”, “room”, “hot”, “warm”, “potato”, “meat”, and
Technological Advancements in Warfare and their Effects on Mental Health Humans are extremely social creatures. People have an unparalleled capacity to empathize and recognize the emotions of others. However, extreme trauma can severely compromise this ability, particularly trauma inflicted by warfare. As a result of his first hand experience with the government 's use of technology in warfare, Billy Pilgrim of Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five loses his ability to control his social interactions, becoming apathetic and disconnected with the world around him, a phenomenon not uncommon amongst those who have seen the immediate devastation of modern warfare technology.
After reading a few articles and doing some research on my own I have reached a valid argument to explain a few reasons why preventative measures need to be taken. In this essay I will first explain how radiation is bad for you skin and why we need to take these measures to fight for our lives. Then I will help educate you on how we can add a few things to our daily routines so we can stay healthier and happier in our everyday life.
As Monsanto is a multinational company whose products are consumed by the food industry, it has to strictly emphasize on its moral obligations concerning the society where their products are being sold. Such moral obligation includes providing best quality of seeds to the consumers and betterment of farmer’s life (Stern, 2011). For this purpose Monsanto ensures high yielding properties of their seeds and it would prevent against insects eating their precious crops. This would ease the farmers in keeping their crops safe and reduce their hassle to sprinkle pesticides for crop safety. On the contrary these genetically modified seeds reported in causing health related issues on consuming the food grown from them.