Food Poisoning Research Paper
Food poisoning, is a common life-threatening problem. People infected with food-borne organisms may have symptoms ranging from mild intestinal discomfort to severe dehydration and bloody diarrhoea.
Depending on the type and severity of infection, people can even die as a result of this food-borne illness.
Food poisoning is an illness which is caused by eating contaminated food. Every person is at risk of food borne illness, but some people are more at risk.
It is estimated that over 5 million Australians are affected by food poisoning every year. Food poisoning is usually blamed on the last thing eaten.
SOME FACTS ABOUT FOOD POISONING
Any food can become contaminated and can cause food poisoning, but certain foods are considered high risk,
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Food poisoning is acute enteritis that is caused by the ingestion of food, characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, with or without fever and abdominal pains. Food poisoning is mainly associated with the small and large intestine. Certain types of food poisoning are described as intoxications and others as infections. Let us have a short discussion as to what exactly these two terms are.
INTOXICATIONS
The presence of an organism in the food is irrelevant to disease production. It is the toxin that gives rise to the disease. Bacterial toxins that produce intoxications are the exotoxin types of either enterotoxin (affecting the gut) as in staphylococcal intoxication or neurotoxin (affecting the nervous system) as in botulism.
Another category of intoxications are the mycotoxicoses (due to ingestion of mycotoxins) and the diseases caused by algal toxins (shell fish poisoning). Generally, intoxications have short incubation
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The organisms grow in the gastrointestinal tract to produce the disease. Mostly the microbial food poisonings come in this category. For example, salmonelloses caused by Salmonella sp. like Salmonella typhi.
In certain other types of food poisoning, as in the case of Clostridium perfringens, live cells need to be ingested for the disease to occur but the organism does not grow and reproduce in the gut. Vegetative cells sporulate after ingestion and enterotoxin is released in turn causing the disease symptoms. Since live cells are needed to be ingested to cause the food poisoning, it can be considered as food-borne infection.
Bacteria are generally considered as one of the most common causes of food poisoning. Unlike food spoilage bacteria, food poisoning bacteria do not affect the taste, smell or look of food.
Anyone can come down with food poisoning. Mostly people are infected with it at least once in their lives. Pregnant women, children, the elderly, and individuals usually with suppressed immune systems are at higher risk of complications. Infants and the elderly are at greater risk for food poisoning. Other risk factors
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