Food Security Nutrition Assessment (FSNA)
ntroduction
The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), defines famine as a complete inaccessibility of food in a given area leading to death (Tran, 2012). The percentage of undernourished people, in sub-Saharan Africa, has increase from twenty eight per cent in 2004–2006 to twenty nine per cent in 2008, while developing countries have an average of seventeen percent for the same period (UN, 2009). This indicates a contradiction to achieving the Millennium Development Goal 1, which is to halve the population living in hunger by 2015 from 1990, both globally and in Africa. USAid funds the World Food Programme (WFP), a programme that initiated the Food Security Nutrition Assessment (FSNA), in order to monitor the world’s food security status.
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Progress and improvement in human development invariably promotes success in food security (Conceicao, Fuentes-Nieva, Horn-Phathanothai, & Ngororano, 2011). Sen (1982) showed that extensive hunger occurred when certain groups could not purchase food, either because of a spike in prices or a fall in wages or both. The achievement of food security requires governments to address both food supply and demand, such as avoiding failures in: production, trade and response (Devereux, 2009).
Causes of Food crisis
A combination of factors has caused the food crisis during the second half of the 20th century, in Africa, however, all the crisis stemmed from failed harvests due weather extremes. The climatic challenge is exaxerbated by inadequate infrastructure, lack of mechanization, and constraints in access to credit, insurance, and agricultural markets (Conceicao, et al., 2011). Devereux (2009) inferred that food security crises since 2000 in Africa were caused by a ‘failure of markets to deliver access to food at affordable prices’. This is due to either chronic poverty or a sudden increase in food prices without an equal increase in people’s wealth (Conceicao et al.,
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Climate change affects agricultural productivity, according to the World Development Report 2008, in five main ways: changes in temperature, changes in precipitation, changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization, increased climate variability, and changes in surface water runoff.
The direct effects of climate change on food production is through changes in agro-ecological conditions and indirectly by affecting growth and distribution of incomes. Agro-ecological changes from temperature changes and precipitation changes combined with increased greenhouse gases result in changes in land suitability and crop yields, exacerbated by increases in the frequency and severity of cyclones, floods, hailstorms, and droughts. Climate change will also affect the
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1200 Words | 5 PagesAlthough his tone is persuasive and formal, he is straightforward with the tragic events he describes that take place in the underdeveloped countries. Throughout the essay, he makes a connection with his audience. In the beginning of the essay, he directly gets to the problem that he wants to discuss and establishes the message he wants to pass to his readers through his thesis statement. He presents a logical argument with the numerical data, along with dates and numbers that strongly support his claim of a global food problem. By referencing to recent events such as the “World Food Crisis” article of 2008 and the review of “environmental performance of agriculture”, that was published in 2008, he alerts readers that what he is discussing is currently happening, and is going to be a much larger impact on the world in the future.
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1079 Words | 5 PagesThe Secret Ingredients in Food: Diabetes, High Blood Pressure and Obesity Eva at the age of twenty eight pregnant with her fourth son started having constant pain in her abdomen not related to her pregnancy. She considered herself a healthy person up until then, since she rarely needed to be seen by a doctor. After her son was born, she went to the doctor and explained her symptoms. The doctor immediately questioned her diet. When she explained her diet to him, he promptly stopped her and said, “You have a serious problem, and you need to start changing your diet right away.”
Rhetorical Analysis Of 'Attention Whole Foods Shoppers'
729 Words | 3 PagesBy challenging common assumptions and being ethical he effectively claims that the solution to solving these global hunger problems is foreign assistance. Paarlberg shows Pathos, Ethos and Logos through the thought of unravelling worldwide starvation by being realistic of the view on pre-industrial food and farming. Pathos is clearly evident in Paarlberg’s article through the presentation of the food insecurity problem in Africa and Asia. He uses impassioned words as an attempt to reach out to his target audience on a more emotional level by agitating and drawing sympathy of whole food shoppers and policy makers. Paarlberg employs Pathos during the article when he says, “The majority of truly undernourished people -- 62 percent, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization -- live in either Africa or South Asia, and most are small farmers or rural landless laborers living in the countryside of Africa and South Asia” (page 611-12).
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Essay On Food Insecurity
864 Words | 4 PagesAlthough food aid is a standard response to transitory food insecurity (e.g. drought emergencies), in Ethiopia it has become an institutionalised response to chronic food insecurity as well. Annual food aid deliveries to Ethiopia since 1980 have varied from 200,000 to 1,200,000 metric tons. The number of ‘needy’ Ethiopians between 1980 and 1995 ranged from 2.5 million (1987) to 7.85 million (1992), and in the current drought emergency it stands at 7.7 million. Food aid deliveries to Ethiopia averaged 11% of national cereals production - or 12kg per capita - between 1985 and 1995, peaking at 26% in famine years (Clay et al. 1998:393). Ethiopia has been structurally food deficit since at least 1980.
World Hunger Research Paper
1006 Words | 5 PagesAccording to the WTN Global Challenges Program Hunger Initiative, 578 million people in Asia and the Pacific , 239 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 53 million in Latin America and the Caribbean, 37 million in the Near East and North Africa, and 19 million in developed countries are affected by hunger. That equates to about one in every ten people being affected by hunger. According to Dr. Lindsey Shirley, the author of “A Practical Problem Approach to World Hunger: Universities Fighting World Hunger,” since the second half of the 1900s, there has been an increase of about 4 million people per year who do not have enough to eat. These numbers should not be increasing every year, and there should be a solution to stop it (Shirley
Essay On Food Security In Jamaica
1399 Words | 6 PagesAlthough food is available in the local markets persons especially the vulnerable are unable to purchase the basic food item. Due to the current economic crisis Jamaicans are experiencing some form of loss of income or income generation opportunities or employment are therefore lack the purchasing power needed to access healthy affordable food This lack of access to food can result in hunger (food deprivation), malnutrition (deficiencies, imbalances, or excesses of nutrients), and famine. Hunger has a negative impact on a person’s wellbeing as it reduces natural defences against diseases, which is the main risk factor for illness worldwide. In addition high food price is of utmost concern to
Climate Change In Africa Essay
839 Words | 4 PagesThe impact of climate change is being felt throughout the world; however, the situation is more pronounced in developing countries because many households, social groups and regions have a limited capacity to adapt to climate variability and change (UNFCCC, 2007; IPCC 2007). The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007:6) defined climate change as any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. The (UNFCCC 2007) espoused that agricultural production on the African continent relies primarily on rainfall. As such, any interruption in rainfall pattern and intensity will adversely affect the poor, predominantly the smallholder farmers (ibid).
Theoretical Approach To Food Security
811 Words | 4 Pages“Food entitlement decline theory” has been criticized for its focus only on the economic aspect of famine and its failure to recognize the social and political aspect. First he fails to recognize individuals as socially embedded members of households, communities and states. Second, he fails to recognize that famine causes by political crisis as much as it is the result of economic shocks or natural disasters (Devereux, 2001). Those scholars who criticized Sen argue that importing food in a situation of existing insecurity could be the answer to minimize the food problem and to save lives (Steven Engler, et al,
Essay On Right To Food Human Right
1066 Words | 5 PagesThe right to food is a human right. It is universal, acknowledged at the national, regional and international level, and applies to every person and group of persons. Currently, however, some 852 million persons throughout the world are seriously – and permanently undernourished, 815 million of whom are in developing countries, 28 million in countries in transition and 9 million in developed (―industrialized‖) countries. Furthermore, every five seconds, a child under ten years of age dies of hunger or malnutrition1 – more than 5 million per year.
Write An Essay On Food Security And Food Insecurity
1427 Words | 6 PagesDue to high food prices and the global economic crisis, the number of hungry people increased from 2006 to 2009, but both the number and proportion declined in 2010 with some economic recovery and lower food prices. These events made clear that, in spite of decades of efforts to eradicate hunger and malnutrition, food insecurity is still a significant problem. Within these recent food security debates, the role of governance has been attracting increasing attention. This development stems from the often-heard notion that food security solutions should not only address the technical and environmental dimensions of the issue, but also involve social, economic and political aspects into an
Importance Of Food Security Essay
924 Words | 4 PagesFood security is one of the greatest problems faced the world. There is fact said that food is enough for everyone in the world but because of the great changes which happened rapidly in the world the rate of food become less than before and it is difficult to secure it. Food security is very important to ensure that everyone has enough to eat and families can build their communities without worrying about securing their live. To meet global needs, food production must be doubled in the next years in order to solve many issues such as: starvation, malnutrition and associated health. According to The World Food Summit of 1996 defined food security as existing “when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain
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1356 Words | 6 PagesEven the number of hungry people in the world exceeds the total population of US and European Union. Extreme hunger and mal¬nutrition remain as blockade to development and creates a set up from which people cannot easily go out. Hunger and malnutrition mean less productive individuals, who are more susceptible to disease and often unable to earn much more and improve their livelihoods. There are nearly 800 million people in this world who suffer from hunger worldwide, the major¬ity
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