Football Hooliganism Research Paper

Football hooliganism is a description of a football related violent behaviours and actions from aggressive and fanatic football supporters. It is a very widely spread and transitional phenomena in many parts of Europe, Latin America, and recently in north Africa. Hundreds of incidents have happened, many people have died, thousands of fans have injured, several stadiums were ruined, and many squares were turned into battlefields just because of football hooligans who exploit the game of football to achieve personal or common interests and to declare themselves as powerful force. Hooliganism issues have become an integral part of the game of football. Hence, they raise many controversial viewpoints about their causative factors, interpretations, threats, consequences, and the kind of people who involve in hooliganism. A hooligan can be defined as a person who involve himself in hooliganism acts. According to oxford dictionaries, the word hooligan originated in the late 19th century; possibly from Hooligan, which was the surname of a fictional disruptive Irish family in a music-hall song of the 1890s. In a research about football fans in Turkey, Karahüseyinoğlu (2012) says that football is dominating over other sports in popularity and in fans. He asserts that the concepts of fans, fanatics, and hooligans have become integrated with the branch of football mainly. Given that there are several interpretations of the term hooliganism, Spaaij (2006) argues that there is no precise