Literature Review
To examine the dynamic linkages between the foreign exchange and stock markets for India, Samanta and Nath (2003) employed the Granger causality test on daily data during the period March 1993 to December 2002. The empirical findings of the study suggest that these two markets did not have any causal relationship. When the study extended its analysis to verily if liberalization in both the markets brought them together, it found no significant causal relationship between the exchange rate and stock price movements, except for the years l993, 2001 and 2002 during when a unidirectional causal influence from stock index return to return in forex market is detected and a very mild causal influence in the reverse direction is
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Five composite indices and five sectoral indices were studied over the period of one year: 2000. The results indicated that exchange rate has high correlation with the movement of stock markets.
Apte (2001) investigated the relationship between the volatility of the stock market and the nominal exchange rate of India by using the EGARCH specifications on the daily closing INR/USD exchange rate, BSE30 (Sensex) and NIFTY50 over the period l99l to 2000. The study suggests that there appears to be a spillover from the foreign exchange market to the stock market but not the reverse.
Seyed M Mehdian and Richard A Ajayi, Joseph Friedman (1998) employed monthly and quarterly data on a set of advanced and emerging economies from 1973- 1983 to examine the relationship between real stocks return differentials and changes in real exchange rates.
Mougoue and Ajayi (1996) investigate the short-and long- run relationship between stock prices and exchange rates in eight advanced economies. Of interest to me are the results on short run effects in the U.S. and U.K. markets. They find that an increase in stock prices causes the currency to depreciate for both the U.S. and the
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To understand the Stock Markets changes.
To analyze the relationship between stock market and exchange market
Hypothesis to be tested
H0: There is no significant relation between stock prices and exchange rates
H1: There is significant relation between stock prices and exchange rates
METHODOLOGY
The data collected for the research purpose are secondary data. The data collected are daily historical stock price for five years of the BSE100 index and daily historical exchange rate of INR &USD. The period tested was from April 2010 to March 2015. Daily data are preferred in this study. The choice of daily closing price is realistic and helpful to calculate and testing the results in technical analysis.
Limitations
The study mainly depends on the secondary data; it may not represent the exact picture.
Time is another limiting factor in this report.
It does not help to take any major decisions.
There is difference in definitions.
Accuracy of testing the performance of selected currency exchange rates in comparison with stock market depends on the experience of the research.
Data Source
Historical share prices of the BSE100 index points for the period has been taken from the database of moneycontrol.com and exchange rates information has been taken from
8.1 Overview We knew about the volumes in the previous chapter and learnt how it helps to determine a trend. In this chapter we will get to know the moving averages. We all have read about average in mathematics textbooks and this is just an extension of averages.
Andy. 7N6 Mrs.kapela Unit 1 Interim Writing Piece The Colombian Exchange was a trade between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere of plants,animals,ideas,and diseases. In the exchange, the Eastern Hemisphere got the “best deal”. For instance, document 2 states “ They brought smallpox,malaria,measles,influenza,and bubonic plague.
In the 1500’s the world was run on an Independent world, which meant that all countries were depending on their selves. Throughout the early to late 1500’s countries were trading with each other for goods either with money or other goods that other countries were unable to produce themselves. There were trade circles all over the world that trade runners would travel to unload their cargo and stock up products they receive from trade. These countries were trading materials such as gold, sugar, tobacco, and metals, and other raw materials that were valuable. By the 1700 the world was turning more interdependent.
The reference material used to construct this investigation has been drawn from a collection of primary and secondary
However, the success of researchers has been limited as the
Trade has been a driving force in global history, shaping societies and economies across the world. It helped bring in many resources to other countries through cultural diffusion and opened new opportunities for citizens. Nevertheless, trading has also caused overproduction in certain areas and limited resources available. Trade has been shown in global history through Middle Eastern trade routes (Document 1), Timbuktu during the height of the Mali Empire (Document 2), and Caravans from the northern coast (Document 2). Trade had a significant impact on culture and society.
The Columbian exchange was a sort of bridge between two very different cultures and, as Alfred W. Crosby said, it was very hard to find any crops that the two civilizations (the Old World and the New World, so to speak) shared. Horses, wheat, pigs, sugar cane, rice, and grape vines -- along with many other things -- could only be found in the Old World. Likewise, corn, sweet potatoes, alpaca, peanuts, and tobacco were all from the New World. Some of these things, wheat, rice, and corn in particular, are staples nowadays and we would be in trouble if something happened to one of those things. As Crosby said, “[Wheat] is one of Europe’s greatest gifts to the Americas”.
In this section, discuss the research question(s) or hypotheses presented in the article. • There were two research questions presented in the article. The first question was how much variation in counselors’ self-reported multicultural counseling competencies is accounted for by a set of demographic, experiential, and training variables. The second question was how multicultural training explains additional variations in multicultural counseling competencies after accounting for the variation in competencies due to demographic and experiential variables. The purpose of the study/research problem was clearly identified within these two questions.
I am amused by the answers provided here. The most amazing thing is no one have any idea about how economics work. I am not an economics expert, but this is the probably first thing you'll be taught in economics after demand/supply curve. Currency prices works like an index of prosperity in the respective nation.
AP summer assignment Trading has always been an integral way in which people spread technological ideas, religion, culture, etc. Some religions such as Islam have put the importance of merchantry in their holy book the Quran. Some people like the chinese wanted to impress people with their treasure fleets. However, in order for most people to trade there has to be a routes people they will take to reach their destination. This brings me to the following reason why interregional trading increased.
SOLVAY GROUP: INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY & MANAGING EXPATRIATES Group F2 Problem Statement: The situation is to develop an international mobility program in order to streamline processes at Solvay which aligns the company’s business goals with individual employees’ needs . External Analysis Factor (Economic, Technological, Cultural) Implications on the problem Political: • Swelling government regulations in Pharmaceutical industryIt was difficult to enter the industry(high entry barrier, not lucrative)Existing players diversifying globally Require additional HR • Movement of HR helps in easy expansion need of an effective international mobility program (take care employees needs like personal, financial, social etc.)
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 5.1 Introduction The impact of recession has been felt throughout the world. This study is an effort to analyse the impact of the recession in India, especially in the construction industry. The impact of the recession has been different in countries around the world. The way the recession has affected the various industries of each nation is also different.
In the sixties the food sector was booming. Delhaize was one of the pioneers in the Belgian market by opening its first fully self-service supermarket in 1957 in place Flagey, inspired by the American model of distribution. Other distributors started to copy Delhaize in terms of store format (400 m) and in the concept of self-service (with pre-packaged meat and frozen foods); the era of traditional store with service at the counter was over. Every players in the market understood that they had to find the best places for their stores to compete effectively. The area of competition in the Belgian market quickly became crowded and intense.
Literature Review As I already mention that there is huge amount of literature on the topic remittance and the economic growth. Studies suggest that positive relationship between the economic growth and remittance. Yes, there is large number of studies which focus and prove that the economic growth is also impacted by remittance positively. Moving ahead with this fact we can’t ignore the negative impact of the remittance on economy. Some of the literature are discuss below.
For example, the sales of Apple products in US will decrease if there is a rise in the US. Because of this the purchasing power will also decrease. Hence the sales will be reduced. Hence, to reduce the rise effect, Apple has purchased itself foreign currency.